we tend 2 depend more on egocentric location info as we age . T or F?
true
name the 2 types of spatial info
- location-based (using fixed point reference)
- movement-based (info generated by our own movements)
main types of location-based info:
- piloting:
commonly used by pilots, trig used 2 calculate hidden location by visible points of reference - beacon homing:
look 4 visual landmark close 2 where we want 2 go + move 2wards it
name main types of movement-based info:
- optic flow
- sensory flow
- vestibular info
- motor efferent copy
- kinaesthetic info
optic flow def
brain processes how both focal + peripheral visual info changes as we move thru enviro
–>
estimates movement direction + speed
sensory flow def
like optic flow, but involves other senses (like changes in sound dynamics)
vestibular info def
can detect head acceleration, deceleration, + rotation
motor efferent copy def
if intention is 2 take step forward, signal sent 2 muscles + nervous system notes that step forward is being taken
kinaesthetic info def
tells us what part of our body is moving, how it’s moving
path integration uses mostly movement cues. what r the issues w that (+ solution)
firing of neurons not associated w navigation introduce neuronal noise in2 system
→ over time noise starts 2 degrade navigation system’s accuracy
→ thus, most organisms use both movement- + location-based info
→ location-based info used 2 reset spatial info in NS (solution)
‘yes’ bias = …?
- more hits + false alarms
- -c = ‘yes’ bias
‘no’ bias = …?
- less hits + false alarms, more misses + more correct rejections
- +c = ‘no’ bias
what does ‘c’ represent
response criterion/bias
the larger the d-prime score, the better u were @ task (higher sensitivity) . T or F?
true, and this wld mean c = 0 (absence of response bias)
why might u have +c
- if it’s a low stakes task (doesn’t really matter if u notice signal)
- if signal’s not v noticeable + easy 2 miss
how is wave height measured in EEG?
measured as the total change in voltage between the peak + trough of the electrical waveform
reference electrode (EEG experiment def)
standard against which the changes @ the active electrode r assessed
ground electrode (EEG experiment def)
reduces electrical noise
hypotheses of EEG experiment
- groups measuring frm the occipital lobe will see an ERP when there is a visual signal,, but won’t c one when there is an auditory signal
- groups measuring frm the temporal lobe will see an ERP when there is an auditory signal, but won’t c one when there’s a visual signal
duration of a particular process can b found by….
obtaining 2 measurements of time that include the process + subtracting one frm the other (subtraction method)
what processes/responses thought 2 underly choice RT task (4 choices available, what key u press depends on letter presented)
detect, identify, select, execute
go/no go task (if u see ‘C’, push button ‘N’).. what processes involved?
detect, identify, execute (no longer a choice tho)
→
so using subtraction method:
choice RT - go/no go RT = response selection time
simple RT task (press ‘N’ when u c anything on screen), involves processes detect + execute… how wld u use subtraction method 2 find stimulus identification time
go/no go RT - simple RT = stimulus identification time
outline the assumptions of the subtraction method
- assumption of seriality (no overlap of tasks)
- assumption of independence (removal of one task does not affect other tasks)
→
not used super often now in cognitive psych since it’s difficult 2 meet these assumptions (still used 4 fMRI)
