Lab 5

Question 1

what is the capsule

Answer 1

• covers kidneys
• connective tissue
• continuous with walls of calyces and renal pelvis

Question 2

What is the hilum

Answer 2

• site of entry for renal artery, vein and ureter

Question 3

what is the cortex

Answer 3

• beneath capsule
• narrow rim of tissue
• highly vascularised and deeply coloured

Question 4

what lies within the cortex

Answer 4

• renal corpuscles
• distal convoluted tubules
• collecting tubules and collecting ducts
• blood vessels

Question 5

what lies within medulla

Answer 5

• collecting tubules,
• collecting ducts and specialised capillary network (vasa recta -> concentrates the urine

Question 6

gastrointestinal layers

Answer 6

1. mucsa -> lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa

Question 7

explain mucosa

Answer 7

• Innermost epithelial lining
• Then, Supportive, connective Lamina Propria, contains lymphocytes (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) and some aggregates of lymphocytes called follicles/Peyer’s patch
• Then, thin layer of smooth muscle = Muscularis Mucosae
• Contains lymphocytes within lamina propria
• Includes epithelial mucosa, lamina propria and smooth muscle Muscularis mucosae

Question 8

describe submucosa

Answer 8

• Loose connective tissue containing many blood vessels
• Larger blood vessels, lymphocytes and nerves

Question 9

describe muscularis externa

Answer 9

• Sometimes Called Muscularis propria or tunica Muscularis
• Thick band of smooth muscle -> inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Question 10

describe serosa

Answer 10

• Outer covering of simple squamous epithelium/mesothelium/peritoneum?
• Outside the abdomen, outermost layer is called the adventitia -> connective tissue that blends with surrounding connective tissues

Question 11

features of small inestine

Answer 11

• villi in mucosa
• crypts
• microvilli
• ileum has thickened mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (peyer’s path) within the submucosa

Question 12

describe villi

Answer 12

• Covered by enterocytes = tall, columnar epithelial cells with basally located nucleus
• Supported by core of loose connective tissue (extension of e lamina propria)
• Lamina propria contains lymphocytes and capillaries
• Show as a striated border
• Eosinophilic line along epithelium
• Amongst enterocytes, find goblet cells (pale and scattered)
• Lamina propria of each villus contains a lacteal at centre of villus -> non staining void in tip of villi

Question 13

describe crypts

Answer 13

• At base of villi, crypts are projections into mucosa -> have lumen
• Under crypts = strip of muscle (divides mucosa from submucosa) -> called the Muscularis mucosae