Drag Equation
D = ½ ρV2 AC D
p
the density of water (not the object!) at the temperature at which the drag is measured [kg/m 3 ]
V
the velocity of water over the surface (velocity) [m/sec]
A
the frontal area of the object [cm 2
Cd
the drag coefficient (a dimensionless constant)
Laminar Flow
refers to a regular, smooth movement of fluid over a surface