Lab 5 - Roots

Question 1

Main functions of the root system?

Answer 1

Water/nutrient uptake + anchorage.

Question 2

What is the primary root called?

Answer 2

The radicle.

Question 3

What are side branches of the primary root called?

Answer 3

Lateral roots.

Question 4

What is a taproot system?

Answer 4

Primary root remains the largest/root dominant.

Question 5

What is a fibrous root system?

Answer 5

Many main roots of similar size.

Question 6

What is mycorrhizae?

Answer 6

Fungal–root mutualism: fungus provides nutrients, plant provides sugars.

Question 7

What special structure do legumes have for nitrogen fixation?

Answer 7

Root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Question 8

Function of the root cap?

Answer 8

Protects tip; secretes mucilage for lubrication.

Question 9

What occurs in the zone of cell division?

Answer 9

Mitosis (apical meristem).

Question 10

What is the quiescent centre?

Answer 10

Backup meristem if the main one is damaged.

Question 11

What happens in the zone of cell elongation?

Answer 11

Cells lengthen.

Question 12

What happens in the zone of cell differentiation?

Answer 12

Cells specialize; root hairs form.

Question 13

Outermost layer of the root?

Answer 13

Epidermis

Question 14

What is the cortex?

Answer 14

Ground tissue (mostly parenchyma) for storage.

Question 15

What is the endodermis?

Answer 15

Innermost cortex layer; boundary to vascular tissue.

Question 16

What is the stele?

Answer 16

Central vascular cylinder: xylem + phloem + pericycle.

Question 17

Function of the pericycle?

Answer 17

Gives rise to lateral roots.