lab 6

Question 1

emigration

Answer 1

movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels to get to sites of injury

Question 2

5 types of leukocytes

Answer 2

eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes

Question 3

eosinophils description

Answer 3

description
- stain red
- nucleus bilobed (nunchucks)
- 2x larger than RBC

Question 4

eosinophils function

Answer 4

combats effects of histamine in allergic reactions, destroy parasitic worms

Question 5

basophils description

Answer 5

• nucleus is bilobed but very hard to tell
• may be a bit bigger than RBCs
• stains purple

Question 6

basophils function

Answer 6

liberate histamine in allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response

Question 7

neutrophils description

Answer 7

• mulit lobed nucleus (sausage links)
• larger than RBCs
• not stained much

Question 8

neutrophils function

Answer 8

phagocytize, destry bacteria

Question 9

lymphocytes description

Answer 9

• nucleus fills whole cell (almost)
• hard to tell from basophils

Question 10

lymphocyte function

Answer 10

• mediate immune responses
• T cells attack other cells (cancer, etc)
• natural killer cells attack infectious cells

Question 11

monocytes description

Answer 11

• horse shoe shaped nucleus
• much larger than RBCs

Question 12

monocytes function

Answer 12

phagocytosis (after transforming into fixed or wandering macrophages)

Question 13

erythrocytes description

Answer 13

RBC
biconcave discs
no nucleus

Question 14

erythrocytes function

Answer 14

transport O2 via hemoglobin

Question 15

platelets descriptio

Answer 15

anucleate cell fragments

Question 16

platelets function

Answer 16

form platelet plug, release chemicals that promote vascular spasm

Question 17

sickle cell anemia (D and C)

Answer 17

sickle shaped RBCs

caused by substitution of an amino acid in hemoglobin protein of RBCs

can cause clumping of blood and breakdown of RBCs

Question 18

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 18

when lymphocytes divide. without constraint

looks like an ungodly amount of white blood cells

can be genetic

Question 19

african sleeping sickeness

Answer 19

an infected fly carries trypanosome in saliva which produces necrotic damage to all contacted cells

look for worm things in blood

Question 20

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 20

AKA hemolytic disease of the newborn

caused when an RH- mother has a second RH+ child. newborn will have a deficiency of RBCs due to mothers antibodies entering the fetal bloodstream

look for RBCs with nucleus

Question 21

hematocrit

Answer 21

measure of the percent of RBCs in a sample

Question 22

two conditions that can result in an increased hematocrit

Answer 22

dehydration
lung or heart disease

Question 23

two conditions that can result in a decreased hematocrit

Answer 23

hemolysis
vitamin/mineral deficiency

Question 24

source of antibodies in the antibody-mediated immune response

Answer 24

B cells

Question 25

antigen

Answer 25

are on the surface of erythrocytes

Question 26

antibodies

Answer 26

react to specific foreign antigens, destroy them

Question 27

autoimmune diseases

Answer 27

when your body produces antibodies for its own antigens

Question 28

agglutination

Answer 28

clumping of RBCs due to antigen antibody reaction

Question 29

clotting/coagulation

Answer 29

converting blood into a semisolid jelly substance

Question 30

rules of the blood typing test thing

Answer 30

clumps = antigen is present thats it

Question 31

hypoxia

Answer 31

low O2 levels in tissues

Question 32

hypoxemia

Answer 32

low O2 levels in blood

Question 33

anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 33

shallow groove on anterior surface of heart that marks teh boundary between right and left ventricles

Question 34

coronary sinus

Answer 34

large sinus under right atrium (back side) that receives blood from the myocardium, empties into right atrium

Question 35

ligamentum arteriorsum

Answer 35

ligament that attaches the pulmonary trunk with the aorta

Question 36

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 36

prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk to right ventricle

Question 37

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 37

prevents backflow of blood fro aorta to left ventricle

Question 38

AV valves

Answer 38

atrioventricular valves one is each bridge between atria and ventricles, tri on right, bi of left

Question 39

chordae tendineae

Answer 39

connects tricuspid and bicuspid valves to papillary muscles to prevent cusps from swinging backward during systole

Question 40

papillary muscles

Answer 40

cone shaped trabeculae that attach to cordae tendineae that contract to prevent inversion

Question 41

fossa ovalis

Answer 41

remnant of foramen ovale, opening that allowed passage between left and right atria in the fetus

Question 42

interatrial septum

Answer 42

wall between atria

Question 43

opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 43

located in right atrium

Question 44

trabeculae carnae

Answer 44

raised bundles of muscle that lines ventricle walls

Question 45

source of serous fluid in the heart

Answer 45

parietal pericardium

Question 46

layers of pericardium and what is between

Answer 46

parietal pericardium (outer) visceral pericardium (inner) between them is the pericardial cavity

Question 47

fibrous layer of pericardium

Answer 47

superficial to the parietal pericardium`

Question 48

function of intercalated discs

Answer 48

connect cardiac muscle cells, coordinate contraction