Lab 6

Question 1

how do plants cope with losing mositure

Answer 1

1. waxy coating called cuticle to retain water
2. pores for gas exchange called stomata
3. protective jackets called gametangia

Question 2

what is special about the plant life cycle

Answer 2

alternation of generation between sporophyte generation and gametophyte generation

Question 3

sporophyte generation

Answer 3

multicellular diploid 2n sporophyte

Question 4

gametophyte generation

Answer 4

multicellular haploid gametophyte

Question 5

what does the reproduction of many land plants involve

Answer 5

• flagellated sperm that must swim to egg through film of water
• zygote is held within female layer of sterile jacket cells that protect embryo

Question 6

what are the two groups plantae kingdom divided into

Answer 6

• vascular- conductive tissue transporting water and minerals in the xylem and sugars in the phloem
• nonvascular

Question 7

what are the nonvascular plants

Answer 7

Bryophyta- mosses
Hepatophyta- liverworts
Anthocerophyta- hornwarts

Question 8

what is the benefit of vascular plants

Answer 8

can grow tall and support specialization of organs such as roots, stems, and leaves

Question 9

what is the problem with nonvascular plants

Answer 9

are small because there is no way for water to move deep in the soil to the leaves

Question 10

innovation of seed importance

Answer 10

contains embryo with its food supply encased in seed coat

Question 11

plants without seeds

Answer 11

• lycophyta= club mosses
• pterophyta= ferns
• sphenophyta= horsetails
• psilophyta= whisk ferns

Question 12

plants with seeds that are not encased

Answer 12

• coniferophyta= conifers
• cycadophyta= cycads
• ginkgophyta= ginkgo
• gnetophyta= gnetophytes

Question 13

plants with seeds encased in fruit

Answer 13

anthophyta= angiosperms
- eudicots: two seed leaves
- monocots: one seed leaf

Question 14

what generation is dominant in bryophytes

Answer 14

gametophyte

Question 15

bryophytes

Answer 15

• lack vascular tissue
• sporophyte dependent upon gametophyte for nutrients
• do not produce flowers or seeds

Question 16

what are the limits of bryophytes

Answer 16

1. cannot grow large in size bc of no supporting tissue
2. must live in damp places bc roots cannot penetrate deep enough
3. photosynthetic parts are above ground and monosynthetic parts are below ground must be close together

Question 17

antheridia

Answer 17

male gametophyte and contains sperm

Question 18

archegonia

Answer 18

female gametophyte and contains eggs

Question 19

sporangium

Answer 19

structure that produces and contains spores

Question 20

what do spores germinate into in the bryophytes

Answer 20

protonema

Question 21

what process produces the sperm in bryophytes

Answer 21

mitosis

Question 22

what process produces the egg in bryophytes

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

what process produces the spores in bryophytes

Answer 23

meiosis

Question 24

what is the ploidy of a spore

Answer 24

haploid

Question 25

what phase of moss life cycle consists of a leafy plant

Answer 25

sporophyte

Question 26

xylem job

Answer 26

transport water and nutrients

Question 27

phloem

Answer 27

transports sugars

Question 28

in ferns which is the dominant generation

Answer 28

sporophyte

Question 29

megaphylls

Answer 29

large leaf

Question 30

microphylls

Answer 30

tiny leaf

Question 31

what do sporophylls bear

Answer 31

sporangia in which the spores are produced

Question 32

sori

Answer 32

- brown or color spots under surface of fern

Question 33

how do ferns spread their spores far away

Answer 33

dried out cells shrinks the cells and the spores are flung away

Question 34

what do ferns rely on for reproduction

Answer 34

thin filaments of water

Question 35

what process produces spores in ferns

Answer 35

meiosis

Question 36

what process produces sperm in ferns

Answer 36

mitosis

Question 37

what process produces eggs in ferns

Answer 37

mitosis

Question 38

what structure does fertilization take place in

Answer 38

archegonium

Question 39

what make up the seed plants

Answer 39

gymnosperms (naked) and angiosperms (flowering)

Question 40

pollen grains

Answer 40

immature male gametophytes

Question 41

what do gymnosperms and angiosperms have that supports the stem of the plant

Answer 41

woody tissue

Question 42

what do angiosperms have that gymnosperms dont have in their seeds

Answer 42

- endosperm - 3n

Question 43

are gymnosperms of seed plant encased in a fruit

Answer 43

no

Question 44

sporophylls

Answer 44

bear reproductive structures

Question 45

sporophyll on male cone gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 45

- bears pollen sac - male sporangium where meiosis takes place

Question 46

what does meiosis result in male sporangium of gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 46

four male spores which each develop a male gametophyte

Question 47

what is the process of pollination

Answer 47

pollen grains are released from male pollen cone and reach the scales of female cones

Question 48

what occurs after pollination in gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 48

pollen tube begins to grow toward egg of female gameophyte

Question 49

what does each sporophyll of each female cone have

Answer 49

female sporangium - meiosis followed by mitosis gives rise to female gametophyte

Question 50

what generation is the female cone in gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 50

sporophyte

Question 51

what process is used to produce an egg in gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 51

meiosis followed by mitosis

Question 52

what sex is the anther

Answer 52

male

Question 53

what generation is the anther

Answer 53

sporophyte

Question 54

what generation are the pollen grains

Answer 54

gametophyte

Question 55

what is the ploidy of the anther

Answer 55

diploid

Question 56

what is the ploidy of the pollen grains

Answer 56

haploid

Question 57

what generation is the ovary

Answer 57

sporophyte

Question 58

what is the ploidy of the ovary tissue in gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 58

diploid

Question 59

what generation is the embryo of gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 59

sporophyte

Question 60

what is the ploidy of embryo sac in gymnosperm (pine)

Answer 60

haploid

Question 61

what parts of the flower are male

Answer 61

anther, filament

Question 62

what parts of the flower are female

Answer 62

stigma, style, ovaryo

Question 63

what parts of the flower contains pollen

Answer 63

antherf