LAB - 8 - MIDTERMS

Question 1

12. The nurse recognizes that a fluid replacement with isotonic solution is needed. One of the isotonic solutions that may be ordered by the health care provider is:

Answer 1

B. Lactated Ringer’s

Question 2

13. A client experiences a loss of intracellular fluid. The nurse anticipates that a hypotonic solution will be used to replace this type of loss. Which of the following is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 2

C. 0.45% normal saline

Question 3

14. A client is prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline), which is an isotonic solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous therapy is to:

Answer 3

A. expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system

Question 4

15. A client is prescribed 3% sodium chloride, which is a hypertonic solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous therapy is to:

Answer 4

D. pull fluid from the cells

Question 5

16. A client is prescribed 0.45% sodium chloride, which is a hypotonic solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous therapy is to:

Answer 5

C. move fluid into the cells

Question 6

17. Peripheral areas are the preferred IV sites. Where would a peripheral area be located?

Answer 6

D. Upper or lower extremities

Question 7

18. You are reviewing your Anatomy and Physiology for anatomical reference. Where would you find the antecubital fossa?

Answer 7

D. Anterior elbow

Question 8

19. Volume expanders are types of IV fluids that are given when the amount of fluid in the is low.

Answer 8

C. Intravascular space

Question 9

20. This solution expands the circulating blood volume more than the isotonic solutions and one of the most commonly used fluids in critical care.

Answer 9

D. Dextran

Question 10

21. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding 5% Dextrose in Water?

Answer 10

D. A balanced solution of dextrose with essential electrolytes

Question 11

22. Which nursing action is appropriate when caring for a client receiving blood transfusion?

Answer 11

A. Informing the client that the transfusion usually takes 4-6 hours

Question 12

23. A client has an order to receive a one unit of packed RBC’s. The nurse makes sure which of the following intravenous solutions to hang with the blood product at the client’s bedside?

Answer 12

A. 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 13

24. Which of the following patients would need a central line placed for their treatment?

Answer 13

D. A patient receiving hemodialysis every Monday and Friday

Question 14

25. The nurse is making initial rounds on the nursing unit to assess the condition of assigned clients. The nurse notes that a client’s IV site is cool, pale, swollen, and the solution is not infusing. The nurse concludes that which complication has occurred?

Answer 14

C. Infiltration

Question 15

26. The nurse notes that the site of a client’s peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter is reddened, warm, painful, and slightly edematous proximal to the insertion point of the IV catheter. After taking appropriate steps to care for the client, the nurse should document in the medical record that the client experienced which condition?

Answer 15

A. Phlebitis of the vein

Question 16

27. Antiarrhythmic drugs act to alter the action potential of the cardiac cells. Because they alter the action potential, antiarrhythmic drugs often

Answer 16

A. cause new arrhythmias

Question 17

28. A patient who is receiving an antiarrhythmic drug needs which of the following?

Answer 17

B. Constant cardiac monitoring until stabilized.

Question 18

29. Which of the following class I antiarrhythmic drugs were the first to treat both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 18

B. Quinidine

Question 19

30. Which of the following Class II-Beta Adrenergic Blockers slows the SA node and ectopic pacemaking?

Answer 19

D. Propanolol

Question 20

31. A newly hired nurse is caring for a client admitted in the critical care unit. Class IV antiarrhythmic medication was given to the client. The nurse understands that this have the effect of

Answer 20

D. blocking the ability of calcium to enter cells of the heart.

Question 21

32. A patient comes into the emergency room with a heart rate of 115 and many premature ventricular contractions. The doctor orders quinidine. What is the action of quinidine?

Answer 21

C. Slowing the fast inward current of sodium.

Question 22

33. Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs is good for digitalis-associated arrhythmias?

Answer 22

B. Lidocaine

Question 23

34. A client with angina has been instructed about the use of nitroglycerin. Which of the following statements made to the nurse indicates a need for further teaching with regards to the use of sublingual tablets?

Answer 23

B. “I can take 2-3 tablets at once if I have severe pain.”

Question 24

35. The nurse should teach a client to suspect that nitroglycerin sublingual tablets have lost their potency when

Answer 24

A. sublingual tingling is experienced.

Question 25

36. The physician has ordered transdermal nitroglycerin patches for a client. Which of these instructions should be included when teaching a client about how to use the patches?

Answer 25

A. Apply the patch to any non-hairy area of the body

Question 26

37. If a patient does not receive relief from anginal pain after taking several nitroglycerin doses, you might suspect which of the following?

Answer 26

D. The patient may be having a myocardial infarction.

Question 27

38. You are a student assigned to care for client with angina pectoris. Checking the medication record, the client is given nitrates. Nitrates are commonly used antianginal drugs that act to

Answer 27

D. decrease venous return to the heart, thereby de- creasing the myocardial workload.

Question 28

39. Transdermal patch can only be worn for a day to prevent tolerance to nitrates.

Answer 28

A. 12 to 14 hours

Question 29

40. The nurse is working on a medical unit in which a client suddenly develops left-sided weakness and garbled speech. The nurse calls the doctor, who diagnosed the client with a CVA (stroke) and orders heparin 5,000 units IV and a heparin drip to run at 1,000 units per hour. What should the nurse keep readily available?

Answer 29

D. Protamine sulfate

Question 30

41. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effect of heparin by continuous IV infusion?

Answer 30

C. ecchymoses

Question 31

42. A clinical instructor supervising a group of nursing students in the medical ward asked about how heparin can be administered. A nursing student is correct when she says that it is given

Answer 31

B. IV and subcutaneous

Question 32

43. Myocardial infarction in Covid-19 should be treated with a combination of aspirin, clopidogrel, low molecular weight heparin, and statin. Which of the following is a low molecular weight heparin?

Answer 32

A. Enoxaparin

Question 33

44. A clot formed from fibrin, platelets, and cholesterol that either attaches to the inner wall of a blood vessel or occupies the entire lumen of a vessel is called

Answer 33

B. thrombus

Question 34

45. A blood clot that becomes detached from thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities and is free to travel through the circulation is called a/an

Answer 34

B. embolism

Question 35

46. A client is admitted due to atrial fibrillation and is given heparin. The nurse would expect this laboratory test to be ordered by the doctor to monitor the effectiveness of heparin.

Answer 35

D. activated partial thromboplastin time

Question 36

47. Which of the following health teaching is essential in heparin therapy?

Answer 36

C. Use a soft sponge toothbrush.

Question 37

48. A client is brought to the emergency room stating that he has accidentally been taking two times his prescribed dose of warfarin (Coumadin) for the past week. After noting that the client has no evidence of obvious bleeding. The nurse plans to do which of the following?

Answer 37

D. Draws a sample for prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) level

Question 38

49. Which of the following is an inappropriate action by the nurse for this client who is on coumadin therapy?

Answer 38

C. Providing vitamin-K rich foods.

Question 39

50. Which of the following is an acceptable international normalized ratio (INR) value for Coumadin?

Answer 39

A. 23 seconds