Lab Components

Question 1

Ninhydrin Test

Answer 1

• Tests for presence of amino acids
• Positive test will yield purple
• NEVER BOIL OR HEAT UP

Question 2

Dische Diphenylamine

Answer 2

Reacts with deoxyribose sugar in DNA and forms a blue complex

Question 3

Biuret Test

Answer 3

• Reacts specifically with peptide bonds formed between amino acid groups.
• Colour changed from blue to violet in the presence of proteins (long amino acids)
• Colour changes from blue to light purple in the presence of peptides (short chains)

Question 4

Starch (Iodine) Test

Answer 4

• Tests for the presence of starch (aka Polymer Amylose)
• Positive test for starch will yield blue/black
• Positive test for glycogen will yield reddish brown

Question 5

Barfoed’s Test

Answer 5

• Tests for the presence of monosaccharides
• Positive test will yield a red precipitate

Question 6

Benedict’s Test

Answer 6

• Tests for reducing sugars in monosaccharides and many disaccharides
• Positive test will form a precipitate ranging in colour from green to red/brown

Question 7

Serial Dilution

Answer 7

Dilution that greatly amplifies the dilution factor between each step in the experiment

Question 8

Miscibility test

Answer 8

Test for lipids

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Adding water to molecules (H and OH) to break covalent bonds and form a new model

Question 10

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 10

Removes water (H and OH) ion from molecules to form a new model

Question 11

Depth of focus

Answer 11

Part that is clear when viewing a slide on a microscope and the rest is blurry

Question 12

Simple staining

Answer 12

Does not offer any diagnostic information as it simply dyes the specimen for better viewing

Question 13

Diagnostic staining

Answer 13

Shows membrane bound organelles

Question 14

Transmission electron microscope

Answer 14

• Specimens are stained with metal to absorb electrons and enhance contrast
• Shows image of internal cellular structure

Question 15

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 15

• Directs electron beam over pre-coated specimen
• Provides 3D image, chemical composition, electrical properties and structural characteristics
• Only look at dead cells because electrons would destroy a live sample

Question 16

Concave lens

Answer 16

Imports a real image that is right side up

Question 17

Convex lens

Answer 17

Imports an virtual inverted upside down image

Question 18

Dissecting microscope

Answer 18

Contains only a concave lens rendering a real 3D image

Question 19

Parfocal

Answer 19

When a slide is in focus with lowest power and it should almost be focused with the next highest lens

Question 20

Peptone

Answer 20

A protein that is formed by partial hydrolysis under acidic conditions

Question 21

Albumin

Answer 21

A single protein in animal and plant fluids and tissues

Question 22

Amyloplast

Answer 22

A plastid in plant cells that are double enveloped organelles

Question 23

Tonoplast

Answer 23

Semi-permeable membrane surrounding a vacuole in plant cells that regulates movement of ions around the cell

Question 24

Central vacuole

Answer 24

Large vacuole in plants that are filled with fluids and molecules

Question 25

Betacyanin

Answer 25

Red pigment in beet cells

Question 26

Centrosome

Answer 26

Cellular structure involved in cell division

Question 27

Vacuole

Answer 27

Organelle in eukaryotes that sequester waste product in animals and maintains water balance in plants

Question 28

Passive transport

Answer 28

Type of membrane transport that doesn't require energy as it goes along concentration gradient and moves molecules from high [ ] to low [ ]

Question 29

Brownian movement

Answer 29

Random movement of microscopic particles suspended in liquid or gas

Question 30

Solute

Answer 30

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 31

Solvent

Answer 31

A substance that is capable of dissolving substances

Question 32

Agar

Answer 32

A petri dish that contains a growth medium solidifies with agar to culture microorganisms

Question 33

Osmosis

Answer 33

Movement of water molecules in a solution with high [ ] to an area of low [ ] through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 34

Osmosis in animal cells

Answer 34

helps with absorbing water from intestines into blodd

Question 35

Osmosis in plant cells

Answer 35

Responsible for absorption of water from soil and conducting it to the upper parts of a plant

Question 36

Diffusion

Answer 36

Particles move from an area of high [ ] to an area of low [ ] until equilibrium is reached

Question 37

Turgidity

Answer 37

When the cells membrane pushes against the cell wall when turgor pressure is high (when turgor pressure is low plant is flaccid)

Question 38

Flaccid

Answer 38

When turgor pressure is low so plant is floppy, wilted and loose

Question 39

Tonicity

Answer 39

The ability to make water move in and out of the cell by osmosis (hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic)

Question 40

Hypertonic solution

Answer 40

A net movement of water OUT of the cell, causing it to lose volume (A solution is hypertonic to a cell if the solute [ ] outside cell is higher than inside cell)

Question 41

Hypotonic solution

Answer 41

A net movement of water INTO the cell, causing it to gain volume (A solution is hypotonic to a cell if the solute [ ] outside the cell is lower than inside the cell)

Question 42

Isotonic solution

Answer 42

No net movement of water and the cell stays the same

Question 43

Turgor pressure

Answer 43

Prevents the cell bursting in plants from hypotonic solution

Question 44

Plasmolysis

Answer 44

When cells lose water to a hypertonic solution (becomes flaccid)

Question 45

Deplasmolysis

Answer 45

When a plant cell becomes hypotonic and regains turgor pressure

Question 46

Crenated cells

Answer 46

When red cells change their shape from being exposed to a hypertonic solution

Question 47

Hemolysis

Answer 47

Breaking down of red blood cells

Question 48

Lysis

Answer 48

Break down of a cell from damage to the plasma membrane