Lab Di 2 test 2

Question 1

Cholelithiasis

Answer 1

1. 90% of all gallbladder and duct disease

2. stones or calculi in gallbladder

Question 2

Choledocholithiasis

Answer 2

1. 1 in 10 have this (cholelithiasis already)
2. gallstones in common bile duct
3. gives obstruction to bile flow leading to jaundice and itching

Question 3

cholecystitis

Answer 3

1. acute or chronic inflammation of GB impacting cystic duct
2. acute= middle age
3. chronic = old

Question 4

gallstone ileus

Answer 4

1. are

2. gallstone into intestine causing blockage

Question 5

billary cirrhosis

Answer 5

1. ascending infection of bilary system
2. leads to obstructive jaundice
3. involves portal and periportal system

Question 6

stone analysis
cholesterol
diagnosis

Answer 6

US

Question 7

stone analysis
Bile Pigment Stones
diagnosis

Answer 7

HIDA scan: cystic duct obstruction

Question 8

stone analysis
mixed
diagnosis

Answer 8

echography/xrays

Question 9

Cardiovascular tests

categories

Answer 9

1. MI-lab tests
2. CAD/CHD
3. primary and secondary HTN
4. CHF
5. DVT

Question 10

MI Tests

current

Answer 10

1. CK
2. CKMB (CK2)
3. Troponin
4. Myoglobin (sometimes)

Question 11

Mi Tests

classic

Answer 11

CPK
CPK electro
LDH
LDH electro
SGOT
SGPT

Question 12

Post MI lab tests levels
CK
earliest increase

Answer 12

3-6 hours

Question 13

Post MI lab tests levels
CK
max level

Answer 13

24-36 hours

Question 14

Post MI lab tests levels
CK
return to normal

Answer 14

3 days

Question 15

Post MI lab tests levels
CK
amplitude X normal

Answer 15

7x

Question 16

Post MI lab tests levels
troponin
earliest increase

Answer 16

3- 6 hours….slightly earlier than CK

Question 17

Post MI lab tests levels
troponin
Max level

Answer 17

12-16 hours

Question 18

Post MI lab tests levels
troponin
return to normal

Answer 18

4-9 days

Question 19

Post MI lab tests levels
troponin
Amplitude X normal

Question 20

Post MI lab tests levels
AST
earliest increase

Answer 20

6-8 hours

Question 21

Post MI lab tests levels
AST
Max Level

Answer 21

24-48 hours

Question 22

Post MI lab tests levels
AST
Return to normal

Answer 22

4-6 days

Question 23

Post MI lab tests levels
AST
Amplitude X normal

Answer 23

5x

Question 24

Post MI lab tests levels
LDH
Earliest increase

Answer 24

10-12 hours

Question 25

Post MI lab tests levels LDH MAX level

Answer 25

48-72 hours

Question 26

Post MI lab tests levels LDH Return to normal

Answer 26

10-12 hours

Question 27

Post MI lab tests levels LDH Amplitude X normal

Answer 27

4x

Question 28

CK indications

Answer 28

1. MI 2. Skeletal Muscle disease 3. Neurologic disease

Question 29

Troponin indications

Answer 29

1. chest pain due to cardiac ischemia 2. specific for cardiac muscle injury 3. prediction of future cardiac problems

Question 30

What distinguishes cardiac from skeletal forms of troponin?

Answer 30

ELISA pg 39

Question 31

Troponin clinical implications

Answer 31

1. differentiation btw cardiac and non-cardiac pain 2. evaluation of unstable angina 3. estimation of size of an MI 4. Detection of reperfusion associated with coronary recanalization 5. detection of periperative MI

Question 32

Myoglobin indications

Answer 32

1. early diagnosis of a MI | 2. skeletal muscle injury of disease

Question 33

Myoglobin elevation indicates

Answer 33

1. MI 2. skel mm inflammation (myositis)/ ischemia 3. trauma 4. mm dystrophy 5. seizures 6. rhabdomyolysis

Question 34

CAD/CHD | screening

Answer 34

1. Cholesterol 2. Triglyceride 3. HDL 4. Lipoprotein electro 5. Lipid ratio

Question 35

Cholesterol | indications

Answer 35

1. CHD and hyperlipidemia | 2. part of a lipid profile

Question 36

Cholesterol | clinical considerations

Answer 36

1. Fasting 2. diet 3. alcohol

Question 37

hypercholesteremia

Answer 37

1. familial 2. hyperlipidemia 3. hypothyroidism 4. DM uncontrolled 5. MI 6. stress 7. atherosclerosis 8. biliary sclerosis

Question 38

Hypocholesteremia

Answer 38

1. malnutrition 2. malabsorption 3. HYPERthyroidism 4. pernicious anemia 5. hemolytic anemia 6. septicemia 7. liver disease

Question 39

increased mortality risk comes with cholesterol levels are greater than

Answer 39

160 mg/dl

Question 40

Lipoproteins

Answer 40

HDL, LDL, VLDL

Question 41

HDL ratio ideal

Answer 41

3:1

Question 42

LDL=

Answer 42

total cholesterol - (HDL+triglyceride/5)