Lab Practical

Question 1

What are the spinal vertebrae groups in order?

Answer 1

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coxygeal

Question 2

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

• 7

Question 3

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

• 12

Question 4

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many coxcygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Which spinal curves are primary?

Answer 7

• thoracic
• sacral

Question 8

Which spinal curves are secondary?

Answer 8

• cervical
• lumbar

Question 9

What are primary curvatures?

Answer 9

• curvatures that develop prenatally

Question 10

What are secondary curvatures?

Answer 10

• curvatures that develop postnatally from sitting and standing up

Question 11

Describe cervical vertebrae?

Answer 11

• Cervical vertebrae are the only vertebral type that has transverse foramina.
• cervical vertebrae are small
• and have a short, bifid (split at the end) spinous process.

Question 12

Describe thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 12

• look like a giraffe head from the lateral view with a long, sloping spinous process. - - They also have costal facets on the transverse processes (T1-T10) where they articulate with ribs.

Question 13

Describe lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 13

• look like a moose head from the lateral view with a thick, broad spinous process.
• lumbar vertebrae have thin, extended transverse processes and large, distinct articular processes with almost vertical facets.

Question 14

How do atlas and axis articulate with the occipital bone?

Answer 14

• The occipital condyles of the occipital bone sit on the superior articular facets of the atlas.
• The dens of the axis extends through the vertebral foramen of the atlas next to the anterior arch

Question 15

What type of vertebrae is the hyoid associated with?

Answer 15

cervical

Question 16

What bone articulates with the glenoid cavity?

Answer 16

the head of the humerous

Question 17

Is the spine of the scapula on the posterior or anterior region of the scapula?

Answer 17

posterior

Question 18

What two areas on the scapula does the scapular spine fall between?

Answer 18

• interspinous and supraspinous fossa

Question 19

Does the acromion point medial or lateral?

Answer 19

lateral

Question 20

What part of the humerus articulates with teh scapula?

Answer 20

• head of the humerus (proximal end) articulates with the glenoid cavity region of the scapula

Question 21

What bone articulates with the humerus at the olecranon fossa?

Answer 21

the ulna

Question 22

what is the structural difference between the medial and lateral epicondyle?

Answer 22

medial epicondyle is much more prominent and is next to the trochlea while the lateral epicondyle is much less prominent and next to the capitulum

Question 23

Which bone is more medial the radius or the ulna?

Answer 23

ulna

Question 24

Compare the shapes of the radius and the ulna?

Answer 24

• The radius has a flatter, more level head compared to the “U-shaped” hook of the ulna

Question 25

What particular bone features occur where the distal end of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the radius?

Answer 25

The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

Question 26

What particular bone features occur where the distal end of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the ulna?

Answer 26

The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Question 27

Which carpal bone articulates with the radius?

Answer 27

scaphoid

Question 28

WHich carpal bone articulates with the ulna?

Answer 28

lunate

Question 29

WHich carpal bone best articulates with the thumb/ pollex?

Answer 29

trapezium

Question 30

What is different about the phalanx bones of the thumb (pollex) compared to the other fingers?

Answer 30

- no middle phalanx on the pollex

Question 31

Which tarsal bone best aligns with the big toe (hallux)

Answer 31

medial cuneiform

Question 32

Which tarsal makes up the heel of your foot?

Answer 32

calcaneus

Question 33

What are the three bones of the coxae?

Answer 33

- ilium - ischium - pubis

Question 34

Which bone articulates with the pubic symphysis?

Answer 34

ilium

Question 35

Which bone articulates with the pubic symphysis?

Answer 35

pubis

Question 36

Is the pubic symphysis bone or cartilage?

Answer 36

- cartilage

Question 37

What bone feature is located where the three coaxae bones fuse together?

Answer 37

acetabulum

Question 38

Does the head of the femur pint medial or lateral?

Answer 38

medial

Question 39

What features do you use to determine anterior or posterior the tibia?

Answer 39

- The anterior side as the tibia is where the tibial tuberosity is located and the posterior side has the intercondylar eminence.

Question 40

Is the pelvis heavier and denser in the male or female?

Answer 40

male

Question 41

Which pelvis has a wider and rounded pelvic inlet?

Answer 41

female

Question 42

What pelvis has a narrow heart-shaped pelvic inlet?

Answer 42

male

Question 43

Is the pubic arch wider in females or males?

Answer 43

femalwa

Question 44

What is the difference between male and female coccyx?

Answer 44

- The pelvic inlet of the female pelvis is wider and more oval while the male pelvis is more narrow and heart shaped. - The male coccyx is more curved and the female coccyx is less curved and immobile.

Question 45

Which brain regions are part of the diancephalon?

Answer 45

- thalamus - epithalamus - hypothalamus

Question 46

Which brain regions make up the brainstem?

Answer 46

- midbrain - pons - medulla oblongata

Question 47

Which brain region contains lobes?

Answer 47

cerebral hemisphere