Lab Practical

Question 1

how to read a PCV tube with a card reader

Answer 1

1. bottom RBC mass placed on “0” mark
2. tube is slid across the grid until top of plasma is at 100%
3. PCV is where top of RBC mass ends

Question 2

how to read a PCV tube without a card reader

Answer 2

1. measure height of RBC column
2. measure total height from top of clay to top of plasma column
3. divide height of RBC column by total height

Question 3

how do red blood cells appear in whole blood

Answer 3

red

Question 4

how does the buffy coat appear in whole blood

Answer 4

white

Question 5

how does the plasma appear in whole blood

Answer 5

yellow/clear

Question 6

how to read total protein

Answer 6

refractometer, look at serum protein column

Question 7

how to calculate absolute count with a CBC differential

Answer 7

multiply percentage by total WBC count

Question 8

what is a relative count

Answer 8

number of a type of leukocyte counted within first 100 leukocytes counted

Question 9

relative count vs absolute count importance

Answer 9

two samples may share the same relative count but have wildly different absolute counts

Question 10

principle of a hemocytometer

Answer 10

counting chamber has a fixed area and depth, so cells per volume can be calculated

Question 11

how to count within hemocytometer

Answer 11

count cells within box and touching middle line on top/left

Question 12

neutrophil appearance

Answer 12

multi-lobed nucleus

Question 13

eosinophil appearance

Answer 13

bi-lobed nucleus with red to pink granules

Question 14

basophil appearance

Answer 14

bi-lobed nucleus with blue to purple granules

Question 15

lymphocyte appearance

Answer 15

large spherical nucleus

Question 16

monocyte appearance

Answer 16

largest
blue-gray cytoplasm and lilac granules

Question 17

reasons to run a urinalysis

Answer 17

1. allows for better understanding of blood chemistry
2. allows for eval of urinary tract health and conditions indirectly related to urinary tract

Question 18

urinalysis sample collection methods

Answer 18

1. voided (free catch)
2. catheterization
3. cystocentesis

Question 19

voided (free catch) advantage vs disadvantage

Answer 19

advantages: easy and safe
disadvantage: not sterile

Question 20

catheterization advantages vs disadvantages

Answer 20

advantage: sterile
disadvantages: technical difficulties, urethral trauma

Question 21

cystocentesis advantages vs disadvantages

Answer 21

advantage: sterile
disadvantages: challenging, bladder trauma, cannot be done with certain conditions

Question 22

how to read/record specific gravity

Answer 22

refractometer, look at urine gravity column
record in g/L

Question 23

what do struvite crystals look like

Answer 23

coffin shaped

Question 24

how do calcium oxalate crystals look

Answer 24

small square with an “x”

Question 25

how do calcium carbonate crystals look

Answer 25

circles

Question 26

what do biurate crystals look like

Answer 26

round and brown with long irregular spicules

Question 27

why might struvite crystals form

Answer 27

alkaline urine or slightly acidic urine

Question 28

why do calcium oxalate crystals form

Answer 28

acidic urine

Question 29

why do calcium carbonate crystals form

Answer 29

no clinical significance, common in horses and rabbits

Question 30

why do biurate crystals form

Answer 30

severe liver disease, normal for some breeds

Question 31

does an increase in casts indicate renal tubular damage

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

what on a DTM plate indicates dermatophyte growth

Answer 32

agar turns red at same time as fungal growth

Question 33

macrocondia of M. Canis

Answer 33

white/pale yellow fungi with thicker walls

Question 34

macroconidia of M. Gypseum

Answer 34

white/pale yellow with thinner walls

Question 35

macroconidia of T. Mentagrophytes

Answer 35

white/cream powdery surface

Question 36

why is it important to check fungal cultures daily

Answer 36

to monitor the growth type and see if the color change occurs around when growth starts

Question 37

roundworm scientific name

Answer 37

ascaroidea

Question 38

hookworm scientific name

Answer 38

strongyloidea

Question 39

tapeworm scientific name

Answer 39

cestoda

Question 40

how to calibrate an ocular micrometer

Answer 40

1. line up lines on ocular meter and stage meter 2. count ocular units and stage units 3. 10 s.u. = 1000 microns 4. do math to calculate one ocular unit

Question 41

why must the ocular micrometer be calibrated for each objective

Answer 41

different magnifications will impact the size of what is being viewed

Question 42

principle of fecal float

Answer 42

fecal solution has higher specific gravity than eggs, allows for eggs to float to top to slide

Question 43

simple flotation advantages and disadvantages

Answer 43

advantage: requires less eggs, generally easier disadvantages: less senstive, may miss heavier parasite eggs

Question 44

centrifuge flotation advantages and disadvantages

Answer 44

advantages: sensitive, can detect heavier eggs disadvantages: needs 3-5x more eggs

Question 45

why is a modified McMasters egg count used in grazing species

Answer 45

can determine eggs/gram; most grazing species always have some level of parasite but over a certain number can be a problem

Question 46

modified McMasters formula

Answer 46

(Grid 1 + Grid 2) x 25

Question 47

American Dog Tick scientific name

Answer 47

dermacentor variabilis

Question 48

Brown Dog Tick scientific name

Answer 48

rhipicephalus sanguineus

Question 49

Lone Star Tick scientific name

Answer 49

amblyomma americanum

Question 50

Deer Tick/Black Legged Tick scientific name

Answer 50

ixodes scapularis

Question 51

biting lice term

Answer 51

mallophaga

Question 52

sucking lice term

Answer 52

anoplura

Question 53

which ectoparasite lives on host the entire life cycle

Answer 53

lice

Question 54

which ectoparasites spend some life stages off of host

Answer 54

flies, ticks, fleas, mites