1
Q
5 Laboratory safety risk
A
- biological hazard
- chemical hazard
- fire hazard
- electrical hazard
- radioactive hazard
2
Q
This is to ensure safety in the clinical laboratory have been compiled by several agencies
A
Guidelines
3
Q
4 agencies that establish different guidelines to ensure safety in the laboratory
A
- OSHA
- CDC
- CAP
- JC
4
Q
Published the standards for bloodborne pathogens in the Federal Registry in 1991 and are updated periodically
A
OSHA
5
Q
What does the acronym OSHA means?
A
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
6
Q
What does the acronym CDC means?
A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7
Q
What does the acronym CAP means?
A
College of American Pathology
8
Q
What does the acronym JC means?
A
Joint Commission
9
Q
Five possible route of infection
A
- Airborne
- Ingestion
- Direct inoculation
- Mucous membrane contact
- Arthropod vectors
10
Q
What is the possible route of infection when we do centrifugation of unstoppered tubes?
A
Airborne
11
Q
What is the possible route of infection when heating cultures or specimens too rapidly?
A
Airborne
12
Q
What is the possible route of infection when removing stoppers from tubes?
A
Airborne
13
Q
What is the possible route of infection when leakage from a container that holds contaminated specimen?
A
Airborne
14
Q
What is the possible route of infection when failure to wash hands or eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or pipetting with the mouth?
A
Ingestion
15
Q
What is the possible route of infection when there are needle stick, broken glass, animal bites, or small scratches on the fingers?
A
Direct inoculation
16
Q
What is the possible route of infection when there is a conjunctiva of the eye?
A
Mucous membrane contact
17
Q
What is the possible route of infection for ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes?
A
Arthropod vectors
18
Q
It is a person which develop program, orientation of laboratory employees, preparation of a laboratory safety manual, and the development and implementation of the exposure plan
A
Laboratory safety officer
19
Q
This describes the risk of exposure to infectious agents for all job classification and explains exposure reduction methods
A
Exposure control plan
20
Q
A plan made by the laboratory safety officer
A
Exposure control plan
21
Q
These are the six components included in the exposure control plan which includes procedure and also for documentation
A
- Safety education
- Universal precautions and standard precautions
- Engineering controls
- Personal protective equipment
- Disposal of hazardous waste
- Postexposure procedures
22
Q
This orient new employees and continuing education for current employees regarding laboratory safety policies
A
Safety education
23
Q
This is where information about all safety that is documented is compiled
A
Safety Manual
24
Q
This contain policy and procedures concerning fire prevention and control, electrical safety, radiation safety, biohazard control, chemical hazardous waste disposal, and internal and external disaster preparedness
A
Safety manual
25
This is posted or readily available to all individuals in the laboratory settings they are also periodically reviewed and revised as needed
Safety manual
26
Guidelines which is applicable to all specimens including blood and body fluids visible with blood
Universal precaution
27
Universal precaution are recommendation which is introduced by _____ that describe the handling of clinical specimen by healthcare personnel
CDC (in 1987)
28
When did CDC introduced universal precaution?
1987
29
These are introduced by CDC in 1987 where it's recommendations describe the handling of chemical specimens by healthcare personnel
Universal precautions
30
This is only applied to all human blood and all other body fluids that contain visible blood
Universal precautions
31
This do not apply to feces, saliva except in the dental setting, sputum, sweat, tears, urine and vomitous unless they contain visible blood
Universal precautions
32
This is a set of preventive measures that is applied to all patients that are designed to reduce the risk of infection in the healthcare setting
Standard precautions
33
It considered all blood, tissue, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat) are considered potentially infectious
Standard precautions
34
Basic premise of standard precautions
Because the infectivity of any patient's blood and body fluids cannot be known, all patients blood and body fluid specimens must be treated as if they are potentially infectious
35
Where do we dispose sharps like needles or glass slides?
Puncture resistance containers
36
Where do we dispose tube and barrel of syringes?
Puncture resistance box
37
This is needed to protect employees from the hazard wherein all laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety levels two (BSL 2) guidelines
Engineering control
38
How many categories are there according to CDC biosafety?
Four biosafety levels
39
What biosafety level is no known pathogenic potential for immunocompromised individuals?
Biosafety level 1
40
What biosafety level is *Bacillus subtilis*?
Biosafety level 1
41
It practices the level 1 plus laboratory coats, protective gloves, limited access, decontamination of all infectious waste, and biohazard warning signs
Biosafety level 2
42
What category includes the MOST COMMON organisms associated with laboratory acquired infections including HBV, HIV, *Staphylococcus* and enteric pathogens such as *Salmonella* and *Shigella*
Biosafety level 2
43
It has level two procedures plus special laboratory clothing and controlled access are recommended for handling clinical material which is suspected. And the air movement must be carefully controlled to contain the infectious materials
Biosafety level 3
44
What biosafety level is recommended for handling clinical materials suspected of containing *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, *Brucella*, *Coccidiodes immitis* and *Rickettsia*, and specific viruses such as arbovirus
Biosafety level 3
45
It practices level three plus entrance through a separate room in which street clothing is changed and replaced with laboratory clothing
Biosafety level 4
46
This level is primarily used in research facilities and includes a limited number of exotic viruses including filovirus and arenavirus
Biosafety level 4
47
This label should be identified and used for hazardous areas with biological hazard
Biohazard label
48
It identifies those areas of the laboratory where infectious specimens or cultures are stored or present
Engineering controls
49
Procedures that is known to create aerosol must be performed here
Biosafety cabinet (BSC)
50
They provide effective partial containment for procedures involving moderate and high risk microorganisms or BSL 2 and BSL 3 agents
BSC class 1 and 2
51
A filter wherein unsterilized room air enters and circulates within the cabinet and the exhaust air from the cabinet is filtered
HEPA filter
52
What does the acronym HEPA filter means?
**H**igh **E**fficiency **P**articulate **A**ir filter
53
Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 2?
BSC class 1
54
Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 3?
BSC Class 2
55
Other term for BSC class 2
Type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet
56
It is also known as type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet
BSC class 2
57
It sterilized both the air entering and circulating within the cabinet and the exhaust air
BSC Class 2
58
It trap particulates and infectious agents but do not trap volatile chemicals or gases
HEPA filter
59
Two major types of BSC class 2 based on the inlet flow velocity and percentage of air filtered
1. Type II-A BSC
2. Type II-B BSC
60
It is self contained with 70% of the air recirculated
Type II-A BSC
61
It do not require to be vented and are acceptable for low to moderate risk agents
Type II-A BSC
62
Vented with 30% of the air exhausted from the cabinet and 70% the recirculated back into the room
Type II-B BSC
63
It provide the highest level of safety and all air entering and leaving the cabinet is sterilized with a HEPA filter
BSC Class III
64
It supply air is drawn through a HEPA filter while exhaust air is filtered through two (2) HEPA filters
BSC Class III
65
Its system is entirely closed and all infectious materials are handled with rubber gloves that are sealed to the cabinet
BSC Class III
66
It is required by OSHA wherein employees must be protected from hazard encountered during work
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
67
Who required PPE for employees to be protected from hazards encountered during work?
OSHA
68
This THREE serves as a barrier protection to prevent skin and mucous membrane contamination
1. Gloves
2. Face masks and laboratory gown
3. HEPA respirators
69
This is done before disposal
Decontaminated
70
How many leak proof plastic bags is needed for all contaminating materials for disposal?
2
71
It is a type of sterilization that uses saturated steam
Autoclave
72
Degree celsius for autoclaving
135 degrees celsius
73
Pounds per square inch of pressure for autoclaving
30 psi
74
How many minutes is done for autoclaving?
30 minutes
75
Biological indicator for autoclaving
*Bacillus stearothermophilus* spore
76
Living organisms are all killed including spores
Sterilization
77
Living organisms are all killed except spores
Disinfection
78
Give an example of a liquid decontaminants
- 70% ethanol
- 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite
79
70% ethanol and 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is an example of?
Liquid decontaminants
80
Liquid decontaminants is used in contact with a surface for a minimum of how many minutes?
10 minutes
81
Specimens or infectious materials shift to reference laboratories must be packaged according to the requirements of the __________________
Interstate shipment of etiologic agents
82
How many gallons can be stored in a properly designated safety cabinet per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?
60 gallons
83
How many gallons may be stored in safety cans?
25 gallons
84
How many gallons may be stored on open shelving per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?
10 gallons
85
It extinguish combustibles (solid wood or paper)
Water or carbon dioxide
86
It extinguishes flammable liquids
Dry chemical
87
All electrical receptacles must be inspected at least _______
Annually
88
Laboratory instruments and appliances should be checked for electrical hazard at least _______
once every 12 months
89
It outline the characteristics of hazardous compound chemicals
**M**aterial **S**afety **D**ata **S**heet (MSDS)
90
They must be available to all laboratory workers who are then responsible for following the safety measures given
MSDS
91
It dictates the required information for MSDS
OSHA
92
This is applied to the containers of all hazardous chemicals
Precautionary labels
93
It's legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent
PEL
94
PEL can be expressed in _____ or ____
Parts per million (ppm) or in milligrams per cubic millimeter
95
What does the acronym PEL means?
Permissible exposure limit
96
It's maximum limits that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical without danger to health
STEL
97
How many minutes that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical according to STEL?
15 minutes
98
What does the acronym STEL means?
Short-term exposure limit
99
Five categories of hazardous chemicals
1.Corrosive
2.Toxic
3.Carcinogenic
4. Ignitable
5. Explosive
100
It causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to human skin on contact
Corrosive
101
It has serious biological effects after inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with relatively small amounts
Toxic
102
Ability of chemical to induce a malignant tumor
Carcinogenic
103
Any chemical that can burn and includes both combustible and flammable liquids
Ignitable
104
Reactive and unstable substances that readily undergo violent chemical change
Explosive
105
T OR F
A saliva that is in the dental setting is applied in the universal precaution
True
106
T or F
BSC Class III is used for BSL 3 and 4
True
107
T or F
Decontaminated is done after disposal
False
| It is done BEFORE disposal
108
T OR F
CDC is the agency that introduced Universal Precautions
True
109
T OR F
All laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety level one (BSL 1) guidelines
False
| A minimum of BSL 2 guidelines
110
T OR F
Enteric pathogens like *Salmonella* and *Shigella* belongs to the BSL 3
False
They belong to the BSL 2
111
T OR F
BSL 4 is used in research facilities
True
112
T OR F
Contaminated spills first should be **diluted** with a **detergent** and then decontaminated after
True
113
T OR F
Eyewash stations must be located within 100 feet or 10 seconds of travel from any area in which hazardous chemicals are used
True
