A&P2 > Lab Test 1 > Flashcards

Lab Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood Elements

A
  1. Formed elements: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
  2. Plasma= aqueous mixture: Proteins (albumin), ions (sodium, chloride, and calcium)
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2
Q

Lab 1 (Blood and Blood Cells): Name and describe the tests that were done to detect molecules in the plasma.

A
  1. Benedicts Test: testing for glucose
  2. Biruet Reagant Test: testing for peptide bonds;
  3. AgNo3: testing for chloride ions;
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3
Q

Lab 1 (Blood and Blood Cells): How were the tests conducted, did you have to boil the sample, etc?

A
  1. Sample is put into test tube
  2. Drops of reagent are added
  3. Solution is boiled to catalyze reaction
  4. Observed color change (if any)
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4
Q

Lab 1: Methods for testing & visualizing blood

A
  1. Centrifuge: allows to separate layers of different blood layers (formed elements, plasma, etc). Works through relative densities of each part.
  2. Microscope: Look at specific layers at magnification so we can study visual details
  3. Complete Blood Count (CBC): samples of blood are drawn from patient and sent to lab for testing. The CBC is interpreted by looking at different blood values and comparing against the norm. Deviations of the norm can suggest a type of disease.
  4. Chem 7 or Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): detect levels of glucose, sodium, potassium, CO2, Creatinine, Bloof Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
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5
Q

Lab 1: Identify The Formed elements using models as well as under microscope- LABEL FIGURE!

A

A.Monocyte

B.RBC

C.Neutrophil

D.Basophil

E.Small Lymphocyte

F.Neutrophil

G.Eusinophil

H.Platelet

I.Large Lymphocyte

J.Monocyte

K.Neutrophil

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6
Q

Lab 1 (Blood and Blood Cells): What reagents were used in these tests and what you observe if the reaction was positive/negative?

A
  1. Benedicts Test: Blue Reagent
    - Postive: Yellow/ Green or Red (really high levels of glucose)
    - Negative: Blue
  2. Biruet Reagent Test: Blue Reagent
    - Postive: Deep Purple
    - Negative: Blue
  3. Silver Nitrate Test (AgNO3): Clear Reagent
    - Positive: milky/ cloudy precipitant
    - Negative: Clear
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7
Q

Lab 3 (The Heart & Sheep Dissection): Name and label all the structures in the heart model.

A

A.Superior Vena Cava

B.Right Atrium

C.Pulmonary Valve

D.Tricuspid Valve

E.Interventricular Septum

F.Right Ventricle

G.Aorta

H.Pulmonary Trunk

I.Auricle

J.Bicuspid/ Atrial Valve

K.Left Ventricle

L.Apex

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8
Q

Lab 3: Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from lower body to the right atrium

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9
Q

Lab 3: Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from the upper bodd to the right atrium

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10
Q

Lab 3: Base

A

Located at the top of the heart. Broad area where the great vessels (pulmonary trunk, aaorta,vena cava) exit from the heart

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11
Q

Lab 3:Apex

A

The bottom of the heart

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12
Q

Lab 3: Right Atrium

A

Upper chamber on the right side of the heart; recieves blood from the vena cavae and the cardiac sinus

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13
Q

Lab 3: Right ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart on the right side

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14
Q

Lab 3: Left atrium

A

Upper chamber on the left side

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15
Q

Lab 3: Left Ventricle

A

Lower chamber on the left side of the heart

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16
Q

Lab 3: Interventricuar septum

A

The part of the heart that seperates the left from the right side of the heart

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17
Q

Lab 3: Pulmonary Trunk

A

Great vessel that exits the heart from the right ventricle

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18
Q

Lab 3: Pulmonary Arteries

A

Bring blood from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

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19
Q

Lab 3: Pulmonary Veins

A

Return blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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20
Q

Lab 3: Aaorta

A

Great vessel that exsts from the left ventricle

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21
Q

Lab 3: Tricuspid Valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and ventricle. Also known as the right atrioventricular valve

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22
Q

Lab 3: Bicuspid Valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and ventricle. Also known as the left atrioventricular valve.

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23
Q

Lab 3: Pulmonary seminlunar valve

A

Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

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24
Q

Lab 3: Aaortic Semilunar Valve

A

Valve between the left ventricle and the aaorta

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25
Chordae Tendinae
Fibrous chords that attach the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
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Papillary Muscles
Muscles that anchor the chordae tenindus
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Lab 3: Epicardium
Serous membrane that attaches directly to the heart muscles
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Lab 3: Endocardium
Squamous epithelial tissue that lines the inner suraces of the heart
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Lab 3: Fossa Ovalis\*\*
The Foramen ovale- an opening between thr right and left atrium in a fetus, closes permanently after birth to form a scar called the fossa ovalis
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Lab 3: Name this structure
Intraventricular Sulcus
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Lab 3: Label this structure
A.Right Wall B.Intraventricular Septum C.Left Wall D. Right Wall E.Intraventricular Septum F.Left Wall
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Lab 3: Label this structure
A.Intraventricular Septum B.Right Ventricle C.Left Atrium D.Bicuspid Valve E.Chordae Tendinae F.Papillary Muscle in the left ventricle G.Wall of left ventricle
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Lab 3: Know the direction of blood flow in the heart
Pulmonary Vein \> Left Atrium \> Bicuspid Valve \> Left Ventricle \> Aortic Semilunar Valve \> Aoarta \> Vena Cava\> Right Ventricle \> Triscsuspid Valve \> Right Ventricle \> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve \> Pulmonary Artery
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Tunica Interna B.Tunica Media C.Tunica Externa
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Arteries B.Lumen C.Adipose D.RBC E.Vein
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Lab 5: Explain how and to palpate the pulse carotid and radial pulse.
- First two fingers of hands are used to feel/ measure pulse - Apply Slight Pressure & measure beats per 30 seconds and then multiply by 2 to get BPM Sites to palpate pulse: 1. Carotid Artery (in the neck): near the lateral side of jaw 2. Radial Pulse: Radial Artery on the medial side of the wrist
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Lab 5: What are the different parts of the stethoscope ?
A.Earpieces B.Eartubes or biaural tubes C.Tubing Brace = Stem D.Chestpiece: E.Diaphram (plastic insert that makes contact with body) F. Bell (made of metal)
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Lab 5: What are the different parts of the sphygmomanometer ?
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Lab 5: What are different parts of the sphygmomanometer.
A. Cuff AND Bladder B.Manometer (pressure guage) C.Inflation Bulb/ Air Release Valve D.Tube
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Lab 5: Sphygmomaneter Measures what
- Measures Blood Pressure (Systole/ Diastole). When inflating the cuff- external pressure will press against the walls of the blood vessels and will cause it to shunt, preventing blood flow. We start to hear a beat when blood flows through and is turbulent. When the beats aren't heard, we get a blood pressure reading at rest. 1. Pump air to 180 mmHg 2. Slowly Release Valve 3. Record pressure when beats are heard = systole 4. Record pressure when beats stop = diastole
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Lab 6 (Immune System): Antisera
Antisera: a type of liquid that contains antibodies, specialized Y-shaped proteins that can bind to the blood antigens Function: Determines what antigens a red blood cell has -Specific antibody from the antiserum will or will not bind to the antigen of the paticular RBC sample thats being studied. It will Aggluniate and precipitate the solution if it binds.
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Lab 6 (Immune System): How to determine the blood type? What antigens and antibodies are present in each blood type?
We will know the blood type if the solution precipitates with the known Antisera ie: if Antisera has - Antiserum A will agglutinate with RBC that carry A Antigen. - Antiserum B will aggluinate with RBC that carry B Antigen. - Someone with AB blood will agglutinate with Antiserum A and B. - Type O blood wont agglutinate with either A or B antiserum. - Antiserum Rh will aggluinate Rh+ bloood
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy):Label These Structures
A.Pulmonary Artery B.Pulmonary Vein C.Pulmonary Capillary Beds D.Aveoli E.Bronchiole F.Terminal Bronchiole G.Lymphatic Vessel H.Respiratory Bronchiole I.Alveolar Duct J:Alvelor Duct
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy): Name these structures
A.Right Superior Lobe B.Seconar Bronchus C:Horizontal Fissure D.Right Middle Lobe E.Parietal Plurae F.Visceral Pleurae G. Pleural Cavity H.Right Oblique Fissure I.Trachea J.Left Superior Lobe K.Primary Bronchus L.Carina M.Teritiary Bronchus N.Left Oblique Fissure O.Left Inferior Lobe Q.Cardiac Notch P.Diaphragm
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy): Label these structures
A.Epiglottis B.Hyoid Bone C.Thyrohyoid Ligament D.Thyroid Cartliage E.Laryngeal Prominence F.Cricothyroid Ligament G.Cricoid Cartliage H.Tracheal Cartliage I.Epiglottis J.Epiglottis Carliage K.Hyoid Bone L.Thyrohoid Ligament M.Thyroid Cartliage N.Corniculate Cartliage O.Arytenoid Carliage P.Vocal Cords Q:Tracheal Cartliage
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy): Label these structures
A. Nostrils B.Hard Palate C.Nasopharynx D.Tongue E.Oropharynx F.Laryngopharynx G.Larynx H.Nasal Cavity I.Pharyngyl J.Soft Palate K.Palantine Tonsils L.Lingual Tonsils M.Epiglottis N.Esophogus
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy): Name these diseases and explain what's happening
A. Pnemonia: fluid accumulation leads to thickened alvelor wall. Lumens of the alveoli become illed with white blood cells. B. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Example: Emphysema from smoking can damage the alveoli membrane and break it down. This will lead to poor gas exchange.
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Lab 7 (Respiratory Anatomy): Label these structures
A. Macrophages B.Type 1 Pneumocytes C/D/E.Type 2 Pnemocyte
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Lab 8 (Respiratory Physiology): Which part of the bell jar model represents different anatomical parts?
A.Trachea B.Thoracic Cavity C.Lung D.Diaphragm
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Lab 8 (Respiratory Physiology): Name the muscles involved in breathing
A.Sternocleidomastoid- Inspiration B.Scalene- Inspiration C.Internal Intercoastal Muscles D.Diaphragm- Inspiration E.External Intercoastal Muscles- Inspiration F.External Obliques- Expiration G.Rectus Abdominus- Expiration H.Transverse Abdominus- Expiration I.Internal Obliques- Expiration
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Lab 8 (Respiratory Physiology): What tool do we use to measure lung volume/ capacity?
Spirometer
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Lab 8 (Respiratory Physiology): Define Lung Volumes/ Capacities- Tidal Volume:
The amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs in quiet respiration
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Lab 8: Inspiration Reserve Volume
Inspiration Reserve Volume: the additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal quiet inspiration
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Lab 8: Expiratory Reserve Volume:
the addiitional amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal quiet expiration
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Lab 8: Residual Volume:
the amount of air left int he lungs after a maximal forced expiration
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Lab 8: Total Lung Capacity
the total amount of air that lungs can contain
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Lab 8: vital capacity
the amount of air in the lungs that can be exhaled after a macmial forced expiration
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Lab 8: Inspiration Capacity
The amount of air in the lungs that can be inhaled after a quiet exhalation. It is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.
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Lab 8: Functional Residual Capacity
The amount of air left in the lungs after a quiet expiration. It is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and resdual volume.
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Right Vertebral Artery B.Right Common Carotid Artery C.Right Subclavian Arterdy E.Brachciocephalic Atery F.Left Common Carotid Artery G.Aoartic Arch I.Ascending Artery J.Descending Artery
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Internal Carotid Atery B.Right Verterbral Artery C.External Carotid Artery D.Facial Artery E.Common Carotid Artery
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Lab 4: label these structures
A.Subclavian Artery B.Axillary Artery C.Brachial Artery D.Radial Artery E.Palmer Artery F.Ulnar Artery
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Lab 4: label these structures
A.Abdominal Aoarta B.Celiac Trunk C.Hepatic Artery D.Liver E.Superior Mesentric F.Asecneding Colon G.Right Common Iliac Artery H.External Iliac I.Internal Iliac J.Thotaic Aaorta K.Stomach L.Gastric M.Splenic N.Spllen O.Pancreatic P.Pancreas Q.Inferior Mesenetric R.Left Common Iliac Arteries S.Small Intestine T.Sigmoid Colon U.Right Internal Iliac
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Abdominal Aaorta B.Common Iliac Artery C.External Iliac Artery D.Femroal Artery E.Popiteal Artery F.Anterior Tibial Artery G.Interal Iliac Artery H.Posterior Tibial Atery
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Facial Vein B.Subclavian Vein C.Brachiocephalic Vein D.Superior Vena Cava E.Superficial Temporal Vein F.External Jugular G.Verterbral Cein H.Internal Jugular
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Lab 4: label these structures
A.Subclavian Vein B.Auxillary Vein C.Cephalic Vein D.Brachial Vein E.Basilic Vein F.Median Cubital G.Ulnar Vein H.Radial Vein
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Lab 4: label these structures
A..Azgous Vein B.Supraenal Vein C.RIght Gonadal Vein D.Common Iliac Vein E.Internal Iliac Vein F.External Iliac Vein G.Accesory Hemozygous Vein H.INtercoastal Veins I.Hemazygous Veins J.INferior Phrenic Vein K.Renal Veins L.LEft Gonadal Vein M.Inferior Vena Cava
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Lab 4: Label these structures
A.Esophogus B.Inferior Vena Cava C.Hepatic Veins D.Hepatic Portal Veins E.Pancreas F.Superior Mesentric Vein G.Ascending Colon H.Small Intestine K.Aaorta L.Stomach M.Left Gastric Vein N.Right Gastric Vein O.Spleen P.Splenic Vein Q.Pancreatic Vein S.Inferior Mesentric Vein T.Descending Colon
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Lab 4: Label these parts
A.External Iliac Vein B.Fermoral Vein C.Popiteal Vein D.Small Saphenous Vein E.Anterior Tibial Veins F.Internal Iliac Veins G.Great Saphenos Vein H.Posterior Tibial Vein
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