lab values

Question 1

BMP (CHEM 7)

Answer 1

measures the seven items of the metabolic panel:

• Sodium
• Potassium
• Chloride
• Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate)
• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
• Creatinine
• Glucose

Question 2

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 2

135 - 145 mEq/L

• Vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues.

Question 3

Potassium (K+)

Answer 3

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Vital to cell metabolism and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues.

Question 4

Chloride (Cl-)

Answer 4

98 - 106 mEq/L

• Helps to regulate the amount of fluid in the body and maintain the acid-base balance. Chloride provides electroneutrality as it relates to sodium. Chloride transport is generally passive and follows the active transport of sodium so that increases or decreases in chloride are proportional to changes in sodium. However, chloride concentration tends to vary inversely with changes in the concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3). Bicarbonate is a part of the buffering system which helps absorb excess acid.

Question 5

Carbon Dioxide (C02)

Answer 5

23 - 30 mEq/L

Question 6

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 6

10 – 20 mg/dL

• Waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys; conditions that affect the kidney have the potential to affect the amount of urea in the blood Creatinine ~ 0.5-1.3 mg/dL (age/gender factors)

Question 7

Creatinine (CRE)

Answer 7

0.5 - 1.3 mg/dL

• Waste product produced in the muscles; filtered out of the blood by the kidneys so blood levels are a good indication of how well the kidneys are working .

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

74 - 106 mg/dL

• Energy source for the body; a steady supply must be available for use, and a relatively constant level of glucose must be maintained in the blood.

Question 9

CMP (CHEM 12)

Liver Tests

includes a CHEM 7 in addition to 4 other factors

Answer 9

• Sodium
• Potassium
• Chloride
• Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate)
• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
• Creatinine
• Glucose
• ALK Phos
• AST
• ALT
• Albumin

Question 10

alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Answer 10

47 - 147 U/L

• Enzyme found in the liver and other tissues, bone; elevated levels of ALP in the blood are most commonly caused by liver disease or bone disorders.

Question 11

aspartate amino transferase (AST)

aka SGOT

Answer 11

10 - 35 U/L

• Enzyme found especially in cells in the heart and liver; also a useful test for detecting liver damage.

Question 12

alanine amino transferase (ALT)

aka SGPT

Answer 12

8 - 37 U/L

• Enzyme found mostly in the cells of the liver and kidney; a useful test for detecting liver damage .

Question 13

Bilirubin

Answer 13

0.3 - 1.0

• Waste product produced by the liver as it breaks down and recycles aged red blood cells.

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

• Albumin
• Total protein

Question 15

Chemistry Extension in addition to the BMP/Chem7 or CMP/Chem12

Answer 15

• Calcium (Ca2+)
• Ionized Ca
• Magnesium (Mg2+)
• Phosphate (PO4-)

Question 16

Albumin

Answer 16

3.5 - 5.0 g/dL

• A small protein produced in the liver; the major protein in serum. major plasma protein which maintains fluid balance by providing colloidal osmotic pressure.

Question 17

Total Protein

Answer 17

6.4 - 8.3 gm/dL

• Measures albumin as well as all other proteins in serum

Question 18

Calcium (Ca2+)

Answer 18

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

• One of the most important minerals in the body; essential for the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the heart and is required in blood clotting and in the formation of bones & teeth.

Question 19

Ionized Ca

Answer 19

4.5 - 5.6mg/dL

Question 20

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Answer 20

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

• beneficial for bone health, diabetes (higher Mag diet linked to lower risk of T2 diabetes), cardiovascular health

Question 21

Phosphate (PO4-)

Answer 21

3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

• typically inversely proportionate to calcium

Question 22

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Answer 22

• RBC
• HGB
• HCT

***Try to remember the rules of 3 with RBC, HGB, and HCT. The best way to recall these is to remember 12,14,16,18. These will be the numbers plugged into the HGB. If you divide those numbers by 3, you will have your RBC norms and when you multiply by 3, you will have your HCT numbers.

Question 23

RBC

Answer 23

• M: 4.7 - 6 million/mm3
• F: 4 - 5.3 million/mm3

Question 24

HGB

Answer 24

• M: 14 - 18 g/dl
• F: 12 -16 g/dl

Question 25

HCT

Answer 25

* **M:** 42 - 54 % * **F:** 36 - 48 %

Question 26

WBC

Answer 26

5,000 - 10,000 mm3 ## Footnote - An increased WBC count (leukocytosis) usually indicates infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, or leukemic neoplasia. Increased neutrophils can be indicative of infection or inflammatory process from autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Chrons disease, smoking. Serial WBC and differential counts have both diagnostic and prognostic value. For example, a persistent increase in WBC count could indicate worsening infection such as in the case of appendicitis. A drastic decrease in WBCs below the normal range (leukopenia) may indicate bone marrow failure and subsequent high-risk septicemia and death.

Question 27

PLT

Answer 27

150k - 400k mm ## Footnote - Helpful with clot formation to stop bleeding. - High count increased clotting formation, thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia - Low count thrombocytopenia: bleeding

Question 28

MCV

Answer 28

size of RBC

Question 29

MCH

Answer 29

weight of RBC

Question 30

MCHC

Answer 30

average concentration of Hgb in RBC

Question 31

RDW

Answer 31

Variation in shape which helps ID sickle cell

Question 32

# WBC with diff: Neutrophils | 55 - 70 %

Answer 32

indicator of body response to infection to ask for more WBC to be produced…these are immature WBCs being formed as the first defenders.

Question 33

# WBC with diff: Lymphocytes | 20 - 35 %

Answer 33

**Recognize foreign antigens…produce antibodies**

Question 34

# WBC with diff: Monocytes | 3 - 8 %

Answer 34

involved in phagocytosis and become macrophages

Question 35

# WBC with diff: Eosinophils | 1 - 3 %

Answer 35

destroy parasites, involved with allergic reactions

Question 36

# WBC with diff: