Lab values

Question 1

Na+

Answer 1

135-145
primary extracellular cation
Hyponatremia
- CHF
- Renal failure
-Liver disease
- SIADH
- Central Pontine Myelinolysis

Question 2

K+

Answer 2

3.5-5.0
Primary intracellular cation

Question 3

Chloride (Cl-)

Answer 3

96-106
Extracellular anion
Maintains osmotic pressure
Shifts with Na+

Question 4

CO2

Answer 4

22-26
Same as HCO3 on ABG

Question 5

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 5

8-23
Provides a picture of renal clearance
product of protein catabolism

Question 6

Creatinine

Answer 6

0.7 - 1.4
Helps provide picture of renal clearance
produced at a steady rate

Question 7

Glucose (Glu)

Answer 7

70-110

Question 8

Ca++ Calcium

Answer 8

9-11
47% free
43% bound
10% chelated

Question 9

RBC

Answer 9

5 million
Erythrocytes

Question 10

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 10

15 g/DL
O2 binding

Question 11

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 11

45%
percentage of blood that is formed elements within plasma

Question 12

White blood cells (WBC)

Answer 12

4500 - 11,000
High
-sepsis
Low
-inflammation, infection, steroids,

Question 13

Platelets (Plt)

Answer 13

150K - 400K
For clotting

Question 14

Total Protein

Answer 14

6.0 - 8.0
consisist primarily of albumin and immunoglobulins

Question 15

Albumin

Answer 15

3.5 - 5.5
Produced by liver
transport protein
70% of oncotic pressure

Question 16

Coagulation panel

Answer 16

PT (Prothrombin Time)
PTT ( Partial Thromboplastin Time)
INR ( International Normalized Ratio)

Question 17

PT (Prothrombin Time)

Answer 17

10 - 13 Seconds
extrinsic pathway

Question 18

PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)

Answer 18

25-40 Seconds
Intrinsic Pathway

Question 19

INR (International Normalized Ratio)

Answer 19

Normal INR: 1.0 seconds
Therapeutic INR: 2-3 seconds (anticoagulated)

Question 20

Intrinsic Pathway

Answer 20

Triggered by endothelial damage inside of the vessel
Heparin works here
Monitored with PTT
Used in cardiac Pts like STEMI, DVT, PE
Clot dissolves in 7-10 days

Question 21

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 21

Triggered by tissue damage outside of the vessel (Trauma)
Releases tissue factor (Thromboplastin)
Depends on Vit. K
Monitored with PT and INR
Warfarin/Coumadin
If INR is high they bleed easily

Question 22

Liver Function Test

Answer 22

ALT
AST
ALP
Albumin
Bilirubin

Question 23

ALT (Alanine Transaminase)

Answer 23

7-55
Enzyme found in liver
Helps metabolize protein

Question 24

AST (Aspartate Transaminase)

Answer 24

8-48
Enzyme that helps metabolize alanine, an amino acid.
Increase indicates liver or muscle damage

Question 25

ALP ( Alkaline Phosphatase)

Answer 25

45-115 Enzyme in liver, bile ducts, and bone Increased levels indicate liver damage, blocked bile ducts, some bone disease

Question 26

Albumin

Answer 26

3.5-5.5 Protein made in liver decreased levels indicate liver damage

Question 27

Bilirubin

Answer 27

0.1-1.2 produced during normal breakdown of cells Passes through liver and excreted in stool elevated levels indicate liver damage

Question 28

Lactate

Answer 28

0.5-1.0 measure of anerobic metabolism. Hyperlactatemia: 2-4 Lactic acidosis: >4-5 Elevated lactate most commonly caused by lack of blood flow

Question 29

Amylase

Answer 29

25-125 Produced in pancreas and salivary glands breaks down carbs into sugar can detect pancreatitis

Question 30

Lipase

Answer 30

5-60 Produced in pancreas and salivary glands. Breaks down fats. Detects Pancreatitis

Question 31

Urine

Answer 31

Infant: 2ml/kg/hr Child: 1ml/kg/hr Adult 0.5 ml/kg/hr

Question 32

Osmolarity

Answer 32

275-295 measures weight of solution. Indicator of hydration. Used to titrate hyperosmolar infusions like mannitol and hypertonic saline Osmolarity increases with dehydration