Lab2

Question 1

Total body water

Answer 1

600-650 ml/kg bwt

Question 2

Extracellular compartment

Answer 2

250-300 ml/kg bwt

Question 3

Intracellular compartment

Answer 3

350-400 ml/kg bwt

Question 4

Density (erythrocytes)

Answer 4

1090 g/dm3

Question 5

Average lifespan (erythrocytes)

Answer 5

• Human, horse, ruminants, dog: 120 days
• cat, swine, rabbit: 60 days
• bird: 30 days

Question 6

Minimal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)

Answer 6

0.45-0.7% NaCl (70-120 mmol/l NaCl)

Question 7

Maximal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)

Answer 7

0.3-0.55%NaCl (50-90 mmol/l NaCl)

Question 8

IgG

• conc.
• %
• molecular weight

Answer 8

• conc.: 6-30 g/l
• % : 80%
• molecular weight: 150000 Da

Question 9

IgA

• conc.
• %
• molecular weight

Answer 9

• conc.: 0.1-6 g/l
• % : 13%
• molecular weight: 160000 Da

Question 10

IgM

• conc.
• %
• molecular weight

Answer 10

• conc.: 1-5 g/l
• % : 6%
• molecular weight: 900000 Da

Question 11

Red blood cell count

• mammals
• birds

Answer 11

• Mammals: 6-12 x 10^12/l

- birds: 3 x 10^12/l

Question 12

The percentage of reticulocytes among red blood cells (swine, dogs, cats)

Answer 12

Adult animals: 0-5%

Young animals: 1-9%

Question 13

White blood cell count

• mammals
• birds

Answer 13

• mammals: 5-15 x 10^9/l

- birds: 15-30 x 10^9/l

Question 14

Thrombocyte count

Answer 14

200-800 x 10^9/l

Question 15

Importance of biochemical and genetic polymorphism

Answer 15

Identifying individual animals, pedigree control and in production

Question 16

Biochemical polymorphism

Answer 16

Different variants of subunits of certain molecules that have the same functions (different amino acid composition)

Question 17

How many blood group systems and blood group antigens are known in cattle?

Answer 17

13 blood groups and approximately 100 blood group antigens

Question 18

Genes making up the Rh antigen

Answer 18

C, D and E, possible alleles at each locus; C/c D/d E/e

Question 19

Number of blood group antigens in dog and cat

Answer 19

Dog: at least 14
Cat: 2

Question 20

3 points making the blood group system of domestic animals differ from those of human

Answer 20

1. Often no preformed antibodies are present against RBC antigens of other individuals
2. Often antigens are present in the plasma as well
3. Most artificially produced antibodies have a hemolysing rather than agglutinating character

Question 21

What is hemagglutination?

Answer 21

Hemaglutinins react with RBC that have antigens that the hemagglutin recognizes

Question 22

What happens if Rh pos. RBC gets into the bloodstream of an Rh neg. individual?

Answer 22

Anti-D (IgG type) antibodies form

Question 23

What is the simplest method for controlling blood group compatibility?

Answer 23

Biological incompatibility test; small amount of blood is administered. If there are now abnormal reactions, the full transfusion can be given after 10 min.

Question 24

Properties of LDH isoenzymes

Answer 24

Oxidizing lactic acid into pyruvic acid in the presence of NAD+ coenzyme

Question 25

Separating LDH isoenzymes

Answer 25

By gel-electrophoresis

Question 26

What happens to the erythrocytes in the hypotonic solution?

Answer 26

They shrink because of water loss

Question 27

What happens to erythrocytes in hypotonic solutions?

Answer 27

They sell as a result of water uptake

Question 28

What characterizes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?

Answer 28

Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value

Question 29

Why is WBC count of clinical importance?

Answer 29

Because it helps to draw a distinction between leukaemias and inflammatory processes

Question 30

Leukocytosis

Answer 30

High WBC count

Question 31

Leukopenia

Answer 31

Low WBC count

Question 32

What type are the antibodies against the A and B antigens?

Answer 32

IgM immunoglobulins, so they can’t get through the placenta

Question 33

Macrocytosis

Answer 33

Too large RBC’s

Question 34

Microcytosis

Answer 34

Too small RBC

Question 35

Symptoms if donors RBC are destroyed in the recipients plasma during blood transfusion?

Answer 35

Fever, shock, acute uraemia or even death

Question 36

What type of reaction is the transfusion reaction?

Answer 36

Type II hypersensitive reaction

Question 37

What is cold agglutination?

Answer 37

Agglutination may occur below room temperature, ever type 0

Question 38

What is isocytosis?

Answer 38

If all cells have the same diameter

Question 39

What do you use to dilute blood?

Answer 39

Physiological saline solution

Question 40

What does Türk solution?

Answer 40

Loses RBC and stains the nucleus of WBC

Question 41

What kind of Ig is anti-D?

Answer 41

IgG type