Labour

Question 1

Introduction - Layout

Answer 1

• Background info (2 points)
• List of factors (There are many key factors such as…)
• Line of argument (This essay will argue…)

Question 2

Introduction - knowledge

Answer 2

• Before early 20th century, idea of Laissez - Faire - own fault for poverty, your responsibility to get out of it
• During war, Beveridge appointed head of committee charged with investigating social security in Britain
• In Dec 1942 the Beveridge report was published
• Report highlighted ‘giants’ which needed to be tackled in order to escape poverty, these ‘giants’ which the Labour gov based reforms on

Question 3

Introduction - Factors

Answer 3

Some of the giants tackled are…
- Disease which intended to tackle the issue of sickness by introducing the NHS

• Ignorance which aimed to tackle the lack of education by improving schooling
• Squalor which targeted the lack of housing and aimed to improve living conditions

Question 4

Introduction - line of argument

Answer 4

• This essay will argue that the Labour Reforms of 1945-51 were effective in meeting the needs of the British people to a great extent as they made a large step towards tackling Britain’s problems.

Question 5

Disease - Knowledge

Answer 5

• During 1948, NHS introduced - provided medical services like GP visits, dental, and opticians all free

Question 6

Disease - Analysis

Answer 6

• This makes Labour Reforms effective in meeting needs…
• Because it meant that poorest could now get access to healthcare which improved health of Britain

Question 7

Disease - Analysis +

Answer 7

• However, Labour gov underestimated the amount of people that would need medical attention
• During first 3 years NHS budget increased from 134 million - 356 million
• Because of this patients had to pay half the cost of things such as glasses and false teeth

Question 8

Disease - Evaluation

Answer 8

• In evaluation…
• Despite the charges for some services being introduced because of the NHS budget not being able to cover everyone who required medical attention, meaning innecessible to poor,
• Labour reforms still successful in dealing with the needs of the British people to an extent…
• Because the NHS provided free health services to everyone making help accessible and also, in the first year, the NHS treated 9 million dental patients and handed out 5 million pairs of glasses
• Shows how many people NHS helped

Question 9

Ignorance - Knowledge

Answer 9

• During 1944 the Education Act was introduced
• Aimed to remove inequalities in school system and made it a duty of schools to provide meals and milk. Also made secondary school education free to all and raised leaving age to 15

Question 10

Ignorance - Analysis

Answer 10

• Made LR effective in dealing with needs…
• Made secondary school much more accessible even to poorest
• Meant children got longer and more fulfilling education which made them better for the future

Question 11

Ignorance - Analysis +

Answer 11

• However, Education Act also introduced 11+ test which placed children in different schools according to their ability
• Made LR less effective as…
• Meant that people who didn’t pass test had to go to a junior secondary school - wasn’t well funded, less academic
• Meant that those who went found it harder in the future to get a job

Question 12

Ignorance - Evaluation

Answer 12

• In Evaluation…
• Even though the introduction of the 11+ test gave those who went to a senior secondary school an advantage over those who went to a junior one…
• LR effective in meeting needs…
• As not only did… (free education, first point)
• But by 1951, the Labour Gov had built 1000 new schools which meant that more children had a school in their area which increased school attendance and also helped their future.

Question 13

Squalor - Knowledge

Answer 13

• In 1946 the New Towns Act was introduced
• Established programme for building new towns
• Gave the government power to designate areas of land for new town development
• Aimed to build 200,000 houses a year and by 1951 they had built 1 million new houses
• Equipped with electricity, gardens and indoor toilets

Question 14

Squalor - Analysis

Answer 14

• Meant more people now living in safety and comfort and lowered the amount of people living in slums

Question 15

Squalor - Analysis +

Answer 15

• However, baby boom after war meant that Labour gov were still 750,000 houses short
• Still many people in Britain who couldn’t access new houses

Question 16

Squalor - Evaluation

Answer 16

• In evaluation…
• Even though…
• The LR were not only effective in…
• But also the New Towns Act that was introduced meant that 14 new towns were built across Britain, which meant that now had not only modern home but also modern community to live in instead of slum

Question 17

Conclusion - Summary

Answer 17

• In conclusion, there were many reasons for the labour Reforms being effective in meeting the needs of the British people to a great extent

Question 18

Conclusion - Relative judgement

Answer 18

• Even though (Disease)…
• The reform introduced to tackle Disease effectively met the needs of the British people to a great extent as…
• Even though (Ignorance)…
• Effectively met needs as…
• Even though (Squalor)…
• Effectively met needs as…

Question 19

Conclusion - Overall Relative judgement

Answer 19

• Overall the labour reforms of 1945-51 were effective in meeting the needs of the British people to a great extent as they resulted in great progress being made to improve the lives of the British people