What is the requirement for colostrum for lambs
50ml/ kg in first hour
250ml/kg in first 24 hours
What are the clinical signs of watery mouth?
Cold extremities
Fluid/ gas filled abdominal cavity
Saliva under the chin
Dilated eye blood vessels
Conjunctivitis of eyes
What are the normal behaviours of lambs in the following:
- social
- head
- eyes
- ears
- nose
- mucous membranes (membranes that line body cavities)
- udder
- lamb behaviour
- recital temperature
- in flock and grazing
- in line with shoulder blade
- bright and alert, dilation of pupil in relation to light
- symmetrical (some breeds have natural drooping)
- small amounts of watery discharge isn’t a concern
- pale pink
- dry and warm
- suckling, wagging tail and moving around
- 38.8 —> 40C
What are abnormal behaviours in lambs/ sheep?
- Social
- Head
- Eyes
- Ears
- Nose
- Mucous membranes (membranes that line body cavities)
- Udder
- Lamb behaviour
- Rectal temperature
- Isolated from rest of the flock and not grazing
- Lower than shoulder blade (unless grazing)
- Discharge, frequent blinking, cloudiness
- Asymmetrical drooping
- Large amounts of discharge from either one or both nostrils
- Any other colour than pale pink
- Purple/ blue/ black, cold to touch
- Not getting up
- Lower than 38.8 or higher than 40
How to tell if you have a hind limb or fore limb presenting during lambing
Hind limb- Z shape movement
Fore limb- C shape movement
At what stage does ewelamb bonding take place
First 6-12 hours
What are the main types of lamb fostering?
- smear the orphan lamb with the ewes birthing fluid immediately after delivery of the foster ewes lambs
- attaching the skin of the foster ewes dead lamb onto the adopted lamb
- artificial rearing (bottle feeding and having them separate with no ewes)
What are the signs and treatment for coccidia (ENDOPARASITE) ?
Poor growth rate
Separate from ewes and give anticoccidals
What are the signs and treatment for nematodes? (ENDOPARASITE)
Diarrhoea and poor growth rates
Treatment is worming
What are signs and treatment for fluke? (ENDOPARASITE)
- Reduced growth rate
- Sudden death
Treatment is more about prevention—> avoid areas where mud snails are, as they will lay eggs that contain pathogen - Use flukicides
Signs and treatment for sheep scab and chewing lice?
- Scratching and fleece/ weight loss
- Treatment—> shearing and sheep dip
What is the 5 point plan for treating lameness in sheep?
Can queens truly avoid vaccines
- CULL
- QUARANTINE
- TREAT
- AVOID
- VACCINATE
What are the three main causes of lameness in sheep and what is the treatment?
Dermatitis
Foot rot
Contagious ovine digital dermatitis
Dry environment
Topical amtibiotics
Cull repeatedly lame sheep
Vaccinate for foot rot
Explain the signs and transmission route of toxoplasm gondii?
Spread via infected cat faeces
Isolate and aborted infected ewes
Pregnant women should avoid because its zoonotic
What are the clinical signs and treatment of chlamydia abortus?
- Infected by becoming into contact with infected placenta or aborted lambs
- Ewes show no clinical signs of infection, but birth of weak or aborted lambs
- Treatment is isolating aborting ewes and vaccinate.
- Pregnant women should avoid due to zoonosis
What are the clinical signs, transmission method and treatment for campylobacter fetus?
- Ewes show no clinical signs other than aborted/ weak lambs
- Transmission is usually via a carrier animal that has fed in water bowls and passed on spores
- Isolate aborting ewes and remove material, vaccine not licensed in this country
What does the term iceberg diseases mean?
Only a few animals that are actually infected show the symptoms, this is usually because the clinical signs develop very late or are mild
What is a clostridial disease, treatment and some examples?
Common diseases that are widespread in environment, due to spores usually in soil. Show no clinical signs before sudden death.
No treatment due to the sudden death aspect, however vaccine can be given to ewe who passes antibodies to lamb
- Pulpy kidney
- Struck
- Lamb dysentery
- Tetanus
How long is the sheep gestation period?
142-147 days
What are the three stages of labour in a ewe?
- (Lasts 2-6 hrs) Cervical dilation, abdominal contractions, isolating themselves, appearance of water bag
- (Lasts 1hr) Delivery of lamb
- (Within 2-3 hrs of stage 2) delivery of placenta
What are some signs that intervention is needed during lambing?
- Ewe trying to deliver for more than 1 hour
- Lamb visible for more than 20 mins with no progress
- Not in correct presentation
- Vaginal prolapse
What are the signs of hypothermia in a lamb
Lambs older than 5 hrs won’t have brown adipose (belly fat) anymore
Temperature lower than 39C
Where do you inject the intraperitoneal injection and what % glucose?
1 inch down and away from naval cavity.
20%
What are the signs and treatment of entropian?
Lower eyelid rolls in and rubs against eye
Runny and cloudy eyes
Treatment—> penicillin parallel to eyelid
