What makes up the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
What common condition affects the median nerve?
Carpal Tunnel
What is the jugular/suprasternal notch?
depression on the upper border of sternum
What is the sternal angle?
run fingers from jugular notch down until blunt ridge is felt
T4/5
Where is the xiphisternum?
flexible cartilage, at lower end of sternum
T8/9
What are the costal margins
lower limit of thoracic cage, have patient lie supine and ask them to relax abdomen by flexing thigh and knee
What are the costal margins?
lower limit of thoracic cage, have patient lie supine and ask them to relax abdomen by flexing thigh and knee
Where is the aortic valve?
2nd ICS right sternal border
Where is the pulmonary valve?
2nd ICS left sternal border
What are the three arches of the aorta?
- Brachiocephalic artery – supplying the right side of the head & neck and the right upper limb.
- Left Common carotid artery – to the left side of the head & neck.
- Left Subclavian artery – to the left upper limb.
What are the tributaries of the SVC?
- Brachiocephalic veins – draining blood from the upper body.
- Left superior intercostal vein – collects blood from the left 2nd and 3rd intercostal vein. It drains into the left brachiocephalic vein.
- Supreme intercostal vein – drains the vein from first intercostal space directly into the brachiocephalic veins.
- Azygos vein – receiving blood from the right posterior intercostal veins. The left intercostal veins drain first into the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins before joining the azygos vein around T7-T9.
What are the surface markings of the liver?
- Right 5th rib at mid clavicular line
- Lower end of sternum
- Left 5th intercostal space at mid-clavicular line
- Costal margin at right mid-axillary line
Where is the gallbladder?
Tip of right 9th costal cartilage
Where is the transpyloric plane?
Across the tips of 9th costal cartilages
Where is the spleen?
medial surfaces of the left 9th, 10th and 11th ribs
