outline the ealry communications
- social (children are born with coial tendencys)
- importance of crying
innate primy intersubjectivity
- children are born with social ability for interaction and communication.
they are
- innate
- emotional communications
- mutual engagement
- timing and synchrony
outline mutual interactions
infants begin to respond to adults with new and expressive at around 6 weeks
- more eye contact
- more smiling
first interactions are borrowed (Lock)
initially, adults initiates and completes action for the child.
- at 5 months
mutual intensions- infant arm lift to complete the intention to be lifted by adult - 9 months, infants use the gesture to intiate the interaction
what are dyadic interactions
- two way,back and forth interactions between two people
involving things such as
- eye contact
- facial expressions
- vocal sounds
what are tridactic interactions
- three way interaction involving
infant, caregiver, and object
9 months
back and forth
what is the magnet effect?
if an adult is playing with a specific area and leaves, a baby is drawn to that specific area
becomes their communicative referent
outline communicative gestures
infants can now direct other peoples attention
if this is absence, its a red flag
two types
ostensive gestures- 9months
distal pointing- 12 months
outline ostensive gestures
giving or showing objects
- imperitive ( shows object so others can help)
- decalritive ( attracting others attention)
- interogative ( asks a question about object)
- phatic (keeps communication channel open
outline distal pointing
- excellent predictor of lamguage
- pointing at an object
-imperative ( asking for an out of reach object)
- declarative (drawing anothers attention)
- infomrative ( report to another something another hasnt seen
- interrogative ( asks a question)
outline human language
a communicative system
- a symbolic system: words/ parts of words represent meaning, they refer to things other than themselves. theses are arbitrary. symbols are conventional
- rule governed:
rules that reflect reguarities and are abstract. e.g. grammar, syntax - productive:
a finite number of units and rules can Make an infinate numver of meanings.
outline the compodents of language
- phonology
- syntax
- semantics
- pragmatics
outline the pragnatic system
in place by 5 years
how to use effective and appropriate communications in a social context
by….
turn taking
initiating new topics
sustaining a dialogue (turn taking and information adding
repairing faulty communication
outline phonemes
sound segments
semantics
systems of meaning
(meaning of words and sentences)
outline syntac
rules by which words/pharases are arrnaged
outline pragmatics
how to use lamguage in different contexts/ genres
outline phonology
the part of language that deals with sounds and how they are used
recognising and producing speech sounds
understanding which sounds can go together in a lnaguage
knowing how sounds change in different words
outline speech perception before birth
- featal reactions to sounds from 20 weeks
- distinguish between male and female voices near term
- preference for mothers voice after birth
outline speech perception in neonates
- prefer speech to non speech
- prefere native language
- prefer sounds produced by mother
- disctiminate word types
outline infant directed speech/ motherese
- the way caregivers speak to babies using a special type to help language development
- higher pitch
- exaggerated pitch contours
- more rhthmuc
- helps infants detect speech streams
outline speech production
- occurs after perception of speech sounds
- represents control of vocal cords, mouth, tongue and lips
-matuation is required
outline the sequence of language development
- birth-2m reflexive vocalisations (crying)
- 2-4 m cooing and laughing
-4-6 months Babbling, first controlled vocalisation
-6-10 months Canonical babbling. producing repeated constant vowel sounds like BABABA and MAMAM
10m+ Modulated babbling
combindes varied constant and vowel sounds, changes in pitch, tone and rhythm
outline the links between communication and language
gestures are closely linked with devleopment of language
gesture= a way station on the road to langiage
