Language and Thought & Problem Solving - Chapter 8

Question 1

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Answer 1

• Language influences how we experience the world
  
  • Categorical Perception:
    - Faster and more accurate discrimination of stimuli that straddle a colour boundary

Question 2

Universalist View

Answer 2

• Common repertoire of thought and perception that then influences all languages
  
  • Languages guide what we pay attention to, then attention shapes our cognition
  • Languages evolve along predictable lines

Question 3

Approaches to Solving Problems

Answer 3

1. Algorithms
2. Heuristics

Question 4

Algorithms

Answer 4

• Strategies based on following a series of rules
  
  • Anagrams:
    
    • IHCRA

Question 5

Heuristics

Answer 5

Strategies that rely on our prior experiences

Question 6

Mental Set

Answer 6

Can result from rote learning during problem solving with no deeper understanding of problem developed

Question 7

The Nine Dot Problem

Answer 7

Connect all nine dots using only four straight lines and without lifting your pen off the paper

Question 8

Functional Fixedness

Answer 8

Occurs when an individual can only think of an object’s most obvious function