Language change

Question 1

Linguistic eras:
Old English

Answer 1

449-1100

Question 2

Linguistic eras:
Middle English

Answer 2

1100-1500

Question 3

Linguistic eras
Early Modern English

Answer 3

1500-1800

Question 4

Linguistic eras:
Late modern English

Answer 4

1800-present day

Question 5

Linguistic eras:
Present day English

Answer 5

version of english spoken currently

Question 6

sociolinguistic shift

Answer 6

a change in language due to a social change

Question 7

diglossia

Answer 7

a situation where one language has high status whilst another is used for informal language

Question 7

code switching

Answer 7

the process of switching from one dialect to another, depending on the social context
often seen in marginalised groups

Question 8

1476

Answer 8

printing press

Question 9

1870

Answer 9

education act, results in more widespread literacy

Question 10

1385

Answer 10

English used in schools

Question 11

golden age of literature

Answer 11

EME, C16th and C18th = coining

Question 12

literacy rates increased

Answer 12

EME

Question 13

variant autography

Answer 13

different spelling

Question 14

comma splicing

Answer 14

EME

Question 15

borrowing

Answer 15

EME and ME

Question 16

euphemisms

Answer 16

EME

Question 17

amelioration

Answer 17

EME

Question 18

long s

Answer 18

EME

Question 19

archaic vocab to create prestige

Answer 19

ME

Question 20

random capitalisation

Answer 20

EME

Question 21

pronouns in flux

Answer 21

LME e.g. thee, thy, ye

Question 22

prepositional phrases

Answer 22

LME

Question 23

perjoration

Answer 23

make it worse

Question 24

compounding

Answer 24

e.g. dustbin

Question 25

clipping

Answer 25

e.g. maths from mathematics

Question 26

backformation

Answer 26

e.g babysit from babysitter

Question 27

inkhorn terms

Answer 27

words borrowed from latin or greek to make English sound more dignified

Question 28

adjective graduations

Answer 28

EME, e.g. more easiest

Question 29

thou, thee

Answer 29

EME

Question 30

18th century politeness

Answer 30

drive for standardisation, changing social norms,

Question 31

when did standardisation begin

Answer 31

around 1750

Question 32

why were French and latinate perceived to be prestigious

Answer 32

languages of law and government, considered fashionable, appeal to higher class readers

Question 33

synchronic change vs diachronic change

Answer 33

change at same time e.g. in a text vs change at separate times e.g. two diff texts

Question 34

diglossia

Answer 34

when one language has high status compared to another

Question 35

amelioration

Answer 35

make it better e.g. nice used to mean pedant

Question 36

pejoration

Answer 36

make it worse e.g. impertinent

Question 37

semantic weakening

Answer 37

makes it weaker e.g. love/awesome

Question 38

1800-1900

Answer 38

industrialisation = new words e.g antibiotic 1894 expansion of British empire leads to increase of loanwords from other countries 1780-1810

Question 39

1755

Answer 39

Johnsons dictionary prescriptivist - left out words he didn't like only middle/upper class men had access to it

Question 40

where did contractions come from

Answer 40

poetry early 18th century to make words fit metre of poem printers contracting words to fit on the line (inconsistent)