Language Dev

Question 1

What are the 2 components of language?

Answer 1

Comprehension and Production

Question 2

How does language comprehension differ from language production?

Answer 2

Comprehension happens before production
Word acquisition is 2x faster for comprehension as for production
More comprehension = more production

Question 3

Explain the sequence of sound production. Provide age ranges and characteristics.

Answer 3

1. Crying (increase 1st 6 weeks)
   - vowel-like sound made when exhaling
   - compels response from CG
2. Cooing (6-20 weeks)
   - single vowel sounds, then string of sounds
   - Exploration of voice
3. Babbling (5-10 months)
   - 1st structured vocalizations, syllabic combo of vowels and consonants
   - universal (9 mo narrowed to native sounds)
4. Jargoning (Toward end of 1st year)
   - Babbling with intonation and stress of actual utterances
5. Words (Around 12 mo)
   - A sound or combo of sounds forming a meaningful element of speech

Question 4

What does universality of babbling features refer to? When does it decline? Why?

Answer 4

You would not be able to tell the difference of a korean baby babbling and a german baby babbling
Babies can distinguish the sounds of all lang
Declines around 9 mo when babbling narrows to native sounds

Question 5

When is a sound a word?

Answer 5

When a spoken sound is a phonetic form that approximates an adult word and has situational consistency

Question 6

What is a holophrase?

Answer 6

Through 1st months of production, infants usually pick one word to convey whole event
A single word that expresses meaning of entire phrase
(PANCAKES)

Question 7

What is overextension?

Answer 7

Using a word to refer to not only standard referents, but other referents
(DADA)

Question 8

What is underextension?

Answer 8

Limiting use of word to a subset of its standard referents
(DOGS)

Question 9

What is language explosion? How/when does it occur?

Answer 9

18 months
- 2x gain b/w 18-21 months
- 2x gaing b/w 21-24 months
20 mo = 150 words, 24 mo = 300 words
ONLY PRODUCTION NOT COMP.

Question 10

What is telegraphic speech? Age range?

Answer 10

Simple 2 word sentences that adhere to the grammatical standards of a given language
18-36 months.

Question 11

What is mean length utterance?

Answer 11

Used to quantify language dev.
How many words is a kid using in a single sentence.
Example:
“daddy eat red apple” = 4
“daddy eats apples” = 5

Question 12

What is fast mapping?

Answer 12

The process used by preschoolers to quickly acquire new words into their vocab by mentally charting new words into categories
Ex: burgundy/blue tray

Question 13

What is grammar? Age range?

Answer 13

Structures, techniques, and rules that are used to communicate meaning
Around 2nd bday, sentences are filled with grammatical morphemes

Question 14

When is it easiest for a child to become bilingual? Does bilingualism hinder early language development? What are the adv. and disadv. of being raised bilingual?

Answer 14

Early childhood
adv: when combined number of words known each langauge, surpasses monolingual
Disadv: Usually less fluent in each lang. than monolingual

Question 15

What does Berko’s 1958 Wug experiment demonstrate?

Answer 15

Shows preschoolers correctly apply grammatical rules in unfamiliar/novel situations

Question 16

What is overregularization?

Answer 16

The young childs tendency to apply the rules of grammar even when unnecessary or innapropriate
Example: foots, sheeps, goed, mouses