Language extra

Question 1

According to the optimality theory, phonological error patterns may be _________ to one another such that the existence of one pattern ______________

Answer 1

connected

may imply the existence of another pattern

Question 2

Three events that contribute to the final motor act of articulation are biological, cognitive-linguistic, and ___ components.

Answer 2

sensorimotor-acoustic

Question 3

What two types of factors should be examined in a phonological analysis of a phonologically disordered client?

Answer 3

Phonetic and Phonemic

Question 4

What is a danger sign that stuttering maybe developing?

Answer 4

prolongations

Question 5

Which of the following is/are a goal(s) of a brief preliminary interview with an older client?

Answer 5

• To inform the client of what to expect in a diagnostic session
  
  • To establish a working relationship
  • To determine why the client is coming for treatment at that particular time

Question 6

Factors influencing early childhood stuttering include, psycholinguistic, physiological and

Answer 6

osychosocial

Question 7

The Stutttering Severity Instrument employs the following three dimensions in assessing severity: ________, duration and physcial concomitants

Answer 7

frequency

Question 8

Which factors are relevant in making a prognosis about success and failure in stuttering?

Answer 8

Severity
Timing
Types of stuttering

Question 9

Which of the following best fits a patient with irrelevant and confabulatory language

Answer 9

language of consfusion

Question 10

Localization evidence of apraxia of speech consists of which of the following?

Answer 10

Damage to the third frontal convolution

Question 11

T/F

The the motor programming deficits in childhood apraxia of speech are present from infancy and affect linguistic processing as well as phonological development

Answer 11

true

Question 12

characteristic of conduction aphasia and not a characteristic of apraxia

Answer 12

intact prosody

Question 13

Which of these predictors help aid in the differential diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech from more typical “defective articulation” disorders

Answer 13

• Two-three feature articulation errors
• Slower then normal rate on measurements of oral diadochokinesis
• Difficulty in fine motor corrdination, gait and alternating motion rates of the tongue and extremities

Question 14

T/F

Intonation is an area to assess in childhood apraxia of speech.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

a nonspeech task(s) for assessing childhood apraxia of speech?

Answer 15

smile

Question 16

The physical systems that most directly influence vocal production are the _________, __________, _______ systems

Answer 16

respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory-articulatory

Question 17

The_______________is a favorite piece of equipment used by clinicians and provides data which can be analyzed to determine the level of hoarseness in a person’s voice.

Answer 17

sound spectrogram

Question 18

technique for determining optimal pitch

Answer 18

spontaneous laughing

Question 19

In normal conversational speech, three feet from the speaker, the average sound intensity is ______

Answer 19

65 dB

Question 20

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation is called ______

Answer 20

vital capactity

Question 21

The phonation quotient is

Answer 21

vital capacity divided by the maximum phonation time.

Question 22

_________________ are an uncommon part of vocal evaluations, however, should be assessed and is expressed as words per minute or syllables per minute.

Answer 22

Rate measurements

Question 23

T/F

Models illustrating linguistic interrelationships predict that increased demands in one component of the language system may cause decreased performance in another component

Answer 23

true

Question 24

T/F

All the studies done on trade offs have uniformly found them to exist.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

T/F it is hypothesized that whether a developmental area is more or less established is a relevant factor in the existence of trade offs

Answer 25

true

Question 26

The fact that dysfluencies increased in spontaneous language when the clauses were simpler is probably explained by

Answer 26

discourse task

Question 27

Language in the American classroom falls on the _______ end of the high- to low- context communication continuum.

Answer 27

lowest

Question 28

What is one of the most difficult and comprehensive tasks of a Speech Pathologist?

Answer 28

diagnosing

Question 29

What are the three components that must be considered in determining a communication disorder?

Answer 29

difference, disturbance, disorder

Question 30

What is a necessary step before categorizing or labeling a client?

Answer 30

describing characteristics of the disorder

Question 31

What is(are) question(s) which provide clinical focus?

Answer 31

What are the usual etiologies? b) What is the impact of the condition on the person? c) What do I know about my own skills in treatment of this disorder and this type of person?

Question 32

What is the most important diagnostic tool?

Answer 32

the diagnostician

Question 33

What client behaviors must the clinician be able to detect in the diagnostic process

Answer 33

a) physical changes Correct! b) psychological changes

Question 34

What is the most crucial factor in conducting a successful diagnostic session?

Answer 34

client-clinician involvement

Question 35

According to the text, what are some of the most trying responses young children exhibit in the clinical evaluation?

Answer 35

aggressiveness and hyperactivity shyness and withdrawal

Question 36

The US Department of Education requires all states to submit data regarding young children's treatment, specifically

Answer 36

functional outcomes

Question 37

What is the first important task of the clinician in the interview process

Answer 37

set the right tone

Question 38

Which type of questions should the clinician begin with in an interview

Answer 38

objective

Question 39

As an interviewer, what is the most important thing to look for during the interview?

Answer 39

a) lack of congruence between the respondent's verbal and nonverbal messages

Question 40

What is one of the best ways to keep the interview moving smoothly?

Answer 40

summary probe

Question 41

According to Luterman (1979), what are the three categories of questions that clients ask?

Answer 41

content, opinion, affect

Question 42

What is the key feature of a clinician demonstrating that they can listen creatively?

Answer 42

ability to scan a client's comments and respond in a way that fosters understanding

Question 43

Validity can be compromised in

Answer 43

c) both formal tests and informal procedures

Question 44

T/F A test that is standardized means that it is norm-referenced.

Answer 44

false

Question 45

The standard error of measurement (SEM) attempts to

Answer 45

determine whether the observed score of a client is reasonably close to his/her possible true score

Question 46

As a test becomes more specific and controlled, it becomes more

Answer 46

unnatura

Question 47

Largely non-verbal children can best be described as

Answer 47

Possibly using gestures and using vocalizations

Question 48

useful areas to consider when evaluating a non-verbal child?

Answer 48

a) Child-caretaker interaction c) Communicative intent inventory d) Vocalization analysis

Question 49

In regard to the etiology of language disorders, identify the true statement(s) among the following. a) Knowledge of the specific etiological classification of a child's language disorder gives the clinician a great deal of information as to what to expect in regard to that child's language. b) Classification of language disorder by etiology does not relate productively to assessment c) Language samples from children from different etiological categories may be highly similar. d) The various etiological groups are homogeneous.

Answer 49

Classification of language disorder by etiology does not relate productively to assessment Language samples from children from different etiological categories may be highly similar.

Question 50

What developmental cognitive landmarks are considered relevant to language learning?

Answer 50

deferred imitation; symbolic play object permanence, means-end relationship, functional object use

Question 51

relevant for discriminating between "late talkers" and children with persisting language disorders?

Answer 51

- family history - lower frequecy of communication acts - lower levels of symboli play

Question 52

longitudinal studies of children who had language delays as preschoolers have a shown a strong tendency for which of the following as they get older?

Answer 52

the emergence of language problems academic problems

Question 53

Characteristics of narratives appear in the narratives of children with SLI vs. children developing language typically?

Answer 53

-shorter narratives -fewer conventional story openings fewer complete episodes

Question 54

A________perspective characterizes language impairment as a deviation from the average level of ability achieved by a similar group of people.

Answer 54

naturalist

Question 55

A ____________ perspective takes society's values and expectations into account in characterizing language impairment.

Answer 55

Normative

Question 56

According to a __________ perspective, a language disorder should only be diagnosed when it interferes with the individual's ability to meet society's expectation in regard to social relationships, academic achievement and future employment.

Answer 56

normative

Question 57

# Choose the most relevant answer for the mismatch model of language disorder. Select one: a. language disorders are chronic b. introduces the different parts of language c. the strengths and weaknesses of the child are relevant factors d. factors outside of the child are relevant e. differential diagnosis is relevant

Answer 57

factors outside of the child are relevant

Question 58

# Choose the most relevant answer for the DSM 5 model of language disorder. Select one: a. language disorders are chronic b. introduces the different parts of language c. a naturalistic and normative perspective d. factors outside of the child are relevant e. emotional handicap results from language disorders

Answer 58

c. a naturalistic and normative perspective

Question 59

The causative/diagnostic categories are important because children get services based on cause and not on a description of their problem. Select one: True False

Answer 59

true

Question 60

``` The relationship between a morpheme and meaning is that Select one: a. it represents meaning b. it has meaning c. they are equivalent units d. all of the above e. none of the above ```

Answer 60

a. it represents meaning

Question 61

Which of the following features of disorder in a child MAY NOT be located in the morphological part of language? Select one: a. plural morphemes are omitted in obligatory context b. final consonants are omitted on nouns and verb c. regular past tense morphemes are used inconsistently d. all of the above e. none of the above

Answer 61

final consonants are omitted on nouns and verb

Question 62

``` Selectional constraints refer to which of the following part(s) of speech? Select one: a. adjectives b. adverbs c. prepositions d. nouns e. verbs ```

Answer 62

verbs

Question 63

``` Which of the following exhibit a problem with verb agreement? Assume the clause is disordered for the speaker of the clause. Select one: a. he wented to the store b. the doggie big c. she going to the store d. she like the red one e. he eated the fruit ```

Answer 63

d. she like the red one

Question 64

Which basic English clause type does not have a mandatory subject? Select one: a. Declarative (statement) b. Interrogative (force of a question) c. imperative (used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advice) d. exclamatory e. complex

Answer 64

c. imperative (used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advice)

Question 65

``` In which of the following categories does rate belong. Select one: a. Prosodic (tune and rhythm of speech) b. paralinguistic c. gestural ```

Answer 65

paralinguistic

Question 66

The SLP must be able to identify a possible diagnosis or a possible cause of a language impairment in order to be able to refer a child for further assessment by the proper professional. Select one: True False

Answer 66

true

Question 67

Under IDEA (Education Improvement Act of 2004(PL108-466)) assessment refers to the initial process of establishing eligibility for educational services. Select one: True False

Answer 67

false

Question 68

``` Developmental scales are Select one: fully standardized tests observational instruments criterion referenced procedures ```

Answer 68

observational instruments

Question 69

How many major syntactic clause types are there in English

Answer 69

4

Question 70

The two major types of cues used to determine intonation units are concerned with ___________ and _________.

Answer 70

pitch pattern and timing.

Question 71

Every completed intonation unit, or line, must have some indication of _____________ at the end.

Answer 71

intonation contour class

Question 72

``` Which of the following are procedures for reciprocal teaching (instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions)? Select one: a. Read passage to others b. Clarify material c. Translate passage phonetically d. all of the above e. none of the above ```

Answer 72

b. Clarify material

Question 73

Adjacency pair :

Answer 73

unit of conversation that contain an exchange of one turn each by two speakers. The turns are functionally related to each other in such a fashion that the first turn requires a certain type or range of types of second turn. Examle:A greeting–greeting pair. A question–answer pair.