Metaphor
Creates strong imagery by directly comparing two things.
Simile
Creates vivid description using “like” or “as” to compare.
Personification
Gives human qualities to objects to create emotion or mood.
Symbolism
Uses objects or colours to represent deeper ideas.
Imagery
Appeals to the senses to create a clear mental picture.
Emotive language
Evokes strong emotions in the reader.
Alliteration
Emphasises words through repeated consonant sounds.
Onomatopoeia
Creates realism through sound words.
Hyperbole
Exaggerates for emphasis or dramatic effect.
Understatement
Downplays something for irony or effect.
Oxymoron
Highlights contrast using two opposite words together.
Contrast
Emphasises differences between two ideas or characters.
Repetition
Emphasises key ideas or emotions.
Rhetorical question
Engages the reader and provokes thought.
Tone
Reveals the writer’s attitude and influences mood.
Mood
Creates atmosphere for the reader.
Formal language
Establishes seriousness or authority.
Connotation
Suggests deeper or emotional meaning beyond the literal.
Cliché
Familiar expression used for relatable meaning.
Pun
Creates humour or double meaning.
Inclusive language
Builds connection by including the reader.
Exclusive language
Creates division or criticism.
Bias
Presents a one-sided perspective to influence opinion.
Narrative voice
Controls point of view and shapes reader understanding.