LANGUAGE - MODULE

Question 1

Where is Broca Area located

Answer 1

In frontal lobe, anterior to the premotor association area, in the inferior frontal gyrus

Question 2

What is the function of Broca area

Answer 2

The production of all forms of language

Question 3

Where is Wernicke area located

Answer 3

Spans the parietal and temporal lobes around the lateral fissure and primary auditory area

Question 4

What is the function of Wernicke area

Answer 4

Allows for comprehension of language

Question 5

how are broca and wernicke areas connected

Answer 5

via the arcuate fasciculus (a subcortical bundle of white matter)

Question 6

Reciprocal connections between the frontal lobe and broca and wernickes areas allow for

Answer 6

• higher order motor aspects of speech
• Syntax
• Grammar

Question 7

What do the reciprocal connections between Broca and Wernicke areas and the parietal and temporal lobes allow for

Answer 7

• Lexicon (vocab)

- map sounds to their meaning

Question 8

In what hemisphere is language primarily processed

Answer 8

dominant

Question 9

The left hemisphere is dominant in language production in ___% of right handed people and ___% of left handed people

Answer 9

95%

60-70%

Question 10

Lesions in which hemisphere are more likely to cause language dysfunction

Answer 10

left

Question 11

What does the non-dominant hemisphere contribute to language

Answer 11

contributes to the non-verbal flavour of language
Ex:
- Tone of voice
- Prosody
- Music perception
- imparting emotional significance to language

Question 12

What connects language ares in the right and left hemispheres

Answer 12

the corpus callosum

Question 13

What is aphasia

Answer 13

language impairment produced by brain dysfunction. Results in impaired communication

Question 14

What is the result of damage to the Broca area

Answer 14

• Expressive or motor aphasia - deficits in the production of language

Question 15

What are symptoms of Brocas aphasia

Answer 15

• Impaired fluency of spontaneous speech, halting language
• Phrase length generally < 5words
• Agrammatic speech - number of content words > function words
• Speech lacks prosody
• Reading aloud and writing is effortful and slow

Question 16

What skills remain intact with brocas aphasia

Answer 16

comprehension

Question 17

What is the result of damage to Wernickes area of the brain

Answer 17

• Receptive or sensory aphasia - deficits in the comprehension of language

Question 18

What are some symptoms of wernicke aphasia

Answer 18

• Spontaneous speech with normal fluency and prosody but speech is empty and meaningless with many paraphasic errors
• Impaired naming and repetition
• Word salad
  Patient often seem unaware of the deficit, behaving as if they are carrying out a normal conversation

Question 19

What are paraphasic errors

Answer 19

Inappropriate word substitution

Words of similar meaning or similar sound

Question 20

What is the result of damage to the arcuate fasciculus

Answer 20

Conduction aphasia

Results in receptive or sensory aphasia

Question 21

What are common symptoms of conduction aphasia

Answer 21

• Hallmark feature = inability to repeat words
• paraphasic errors are common
• impaired naming
• Intact comprehension and expression of language