space resarch
collimation
surveying(فحص)
collimation
military
collimation
communication/information
collimation
industry
intensity
laser printing
intensity
طب
intensity
hologram
coherence
arts show
coherence
external reasonant cavity
he - ne laser
internal resonant cavity
ruby
electrical excitation
he-ne/Ar/CO2
optical pumping with laser
liquid dye
optical pumping without laser ( flash lamps of high power )
ruby
thermal excitation
gasses preassure
chemical excitation
H with flourine/flouride with CO2
liquid active medium
liquid dye
crystalline solid active medium
ruby
gas active medium
he -ne/CO2/ Ar