Lawgic

Question 1

Left side of the arrow

Answer 1

whatever symbol you place to the left of the arrow is the “Sufficient Condition”

Question 2

Right side of the arrow

Answer 2

whatever symbol you place to the right of it is the “Necessary Condition”.

Question 3

Like this: [Sufficient Condition] → [Necessary Condition]

Answer 3

Like this: [Sufficient Condition] → [Necessary Condition]

Question 4

J > F

contrapositive: /F>/J

Answer 4

to create a contrapositive, you flip the symbols and negate
Step 1. Switch the two symbols around the arrow.
Step 2. Slap a negation sign on each symbol.
Step 3. There is no Step 3. It’s a two step process.

Question 5

be aware of statements that already negated
D > /C
C > /D

Answer 5

You have to remember that when you slap a negation onto a symbol that’s already negated, the negation goes away. Negating “not selfish” becomes “selfish.”

Question 6

Negation vs Opposition

Answer 6

Contradiction = not (X)

Question 7

if =

Answer 7

conditional relationship

Question 8

if > then

Answer 8

dictate a relationship that was given in a sentence.

Question 9

Group 1: indicators (sufficient)

Answer 9

if, when (whenever), where, all, the only, every, any

• Group 1 rule: the idea immediately following the logical indicator is the sufficient condition. (introduces sufficient conditioning)
• IF I go tomorrow WHEN I don’t know WHERE, ALL I buy is THE ONLY apple for EVERY and ANY person that I like
• if this is show as the second part of a sentence then make first bc these introduce sufficient

Question 10

Group 2: indicators (necessary)

Answer 10

ONLY, ONLY IF, ONLY WHEN, ONLY WHERE, ALWAYS, MUST, REQUIRE

• The ideas introduced by (i.e., immediately following) these words are the necessary conditions.
• if these show as first part of the sentence make it second

Question 11

Group 3: indicators (negate sufficient)

Answer 11

UNLESS, UNTIL, OR, WITHOUT

• You pick either idea, then negate that idea, then make that idea the sufficient condition.
• in your brain transform me it to an “if” conditioning

Question 12

Or

Answer 12

1. The “inclusive or” meaning “and/or”
2. The “exclusive or” meaning “or, but not both”
3. Simply “and”

Question 13

either or: can be…

Answer 13

inclusive or exclusive

Question 14

Group 4: indicators

Answer 14

NO, NONE, NOT BOTH, NEVER, CANNOT

- You pick either idea, then negate that idea, then make that idea the necessary condition.

Question 15

both Group 3 and Group 4 indicators.

Answer 15

You can pick either one to use as logical indicator. The other “logical indicator” becomes a negation.

Question 16

Unless =

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

GROUP MISCELLANY

Answer 17

IS ESSENTIAL, IS REQUIRED, IS/ARE

Question 18

correlation

Answer 18

does not mean causation

Question 19

Causation made in the premise or conclusion

Answer 19

there is always an error

Question 20

Co-incidence

Answer 20

two things happening at the same time

Question 21

A > B
B > A
C > A > B

Answer 21

A > B
B > A
C > A > B