CDFW Academy > LD12 Controlled Substances > Flashcards

LD12 Controlled Substances Flashcards

(69 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define controlled substances.

A

Drugs strictly regulated due to potential for abuse or addiction

These are classified in the Health and Safety Code as Schedules I-V.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List examples of controlled substances.

A
  • Stimulants (e.g., methamphetamines)
  • Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD)
  • Opiates (e.g., heroin)
  • Depressants (e.g., Xanax and Valium)

These substances are included in the Health and Safety Code.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the methods for taking drugs into the body?

A
  • Inhalation
  • Injection
  • Intranasal
  • Transdermal
  • Ingestion

Each method affects the speed and manner in which drugs enter the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do drugs travel through the body?

A
  • Enter the bloodstream
  • Metabolized into metabolites
  • Discharged from the body, usually in urine

This process is crucial for understanding drug effects and metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of drugs according to law enforcement?

A

Substances that can impair a person’s central nervous system

This includes psychoactive drugs that affect the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the process by which a metabolite is discharged from the body?

A

Usually in urine

This is a common method for the body to eliminate substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is polydrug use?

A

Using two or more substances resulting in an effect that each substance could not reach on its own

This can complicate the effects and risks associated with drug use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve messages across synaptic gaps

They play a key role in communication within the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the categories of controlled substances peace officers must recognize.

A
  • Stimulants
  • Hallucinogens
  • Narcotic analgesics
  • Cannabis
  • Depressants
  • Inhalants
  • Dissociative anesthetics

Each category has distinct effects and indicators of use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the effects of stimulants on the body?

A
  • Increase activity
  • Promote a sense of well-being
  • Impairment by overstimulating the brain
  • Accelerate heart rate and respiration
  • Elevate blood pressure

Common examples include cocaine and amphetamines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are hallucinogens known for?

A
  • Inducing intense emotional feelings
  • Magnification of sensory perceptions
  • Possible visual hallucinations

Examples include LSD and MDMA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary use of narcotic analgesics?

A

To relieve pain

They can be very addictive and may produce withdrawal symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common depressant?

A

Alcohol

Depressants dampen CNS activity and can lead to sedation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are inhalants and their effects?

A
  • Substances inhaled into the lungs
  • Impair performance by blocking oxygen to the brain
  • Produce disorientation and slurred speech

Common examples include solvents and aerosols.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are dissociative anesthetics?

A
  • Synthetic drugs with unpredictable effects
  • Can cause changes in sensory perceptions and visual hallucinations

Examples include PCP and Ketamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the significance of designer/club drugs?

A
  • Often have street names
  • Can lead to severe impairment and health risks

Examples include MDMA and Rohypnol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the appearance of Methamphetamine/Amphetamine?

A
  • Powder
  • Liquid
  • Crystal forms

Common packaging includes small plastic baggies, paper bindles, tinfoil, and vials or bottles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the common packaging methods for Methamphetamine?

A
  • Heat-sealed, clear, heavy plastic bags
  • Gallon-size zip-lock plastic bags
  • Smaller, heat-sealed packages
  • Sandwich-size zip-lock plastic bags
  • Small tins (e.g., breath mint container)
  • Tinfoil
  • Paper/plastic bindles
  • Small glass vials
  • Various small containers purchased at ‘head shops’

The packaging varies depending on the amount.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the common methods of use for Methamphetamine/Amphetamine?

A
  • Intranasal
  • Injected
  • Inhalation (smoked with pipe)
  • Orally (less common)

Similar methods apply to prescription stimulants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common packaging methods for Cocaine?

A
  • Heat-sealed, clear, heavy plastic bags
  • Gallon-size zip-lock plastic bags
  • Smaller, heat-sealed packages
  • Prophylactics
  • Sandwich-size zip-lock plastic bags
  • Small tins (e.g., breath mint container)
  • Balloons
  • Tinfoil
  • Paper/plastic bindles
  • Small glass vials
  • Various small containers purchased at ‘head shops’

Cocaine can be seen in base form (rock) or as a powder (HCL).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some cutting agents used with cocaine?

A
  • Lactose
  • Yeast
  • Flour
  • Lidocaine powder
  • Mannitol
  • Baking soda
  • Vitablend
  • Inositol

These substances are used to adulterate pure cocaine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of stimulant use?

A
  • Paranoia
  • Increased alertness
  • Insomnia or restlessness
  • Body tremors
  • Increased respiration
  • Loss of appetite
  • Rapid speech
  • Agitation
  • Dry mouth
  • Euphoria
  • Sweating
  • Grinding teeth
  • Residue or redness in nasal septum/under nose (if snorted)
  • Bloody or running nose (if snorted)
  • Blackened gums (if smoked)
  • Burned fingers and lips (if smoked)
  • Hacking cough (if smoked)

These symptoms indicate increased activity of the body both internally and externally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the common types of hallucinogens?

A
  • MDMA
  • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
  • Psilocybin

Hallucinogens can be synthetic or organic, with specific characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the street names for MDMA?

A
  • E
  • Ecstasy
  • XTC
  • Thizz

These names vary by region and culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the **appearance** of **LSD**?
* Liquid * Powder form * Tablet ## Footnote Packaging includes wrappers/cellophane, tablets in baggies or vials, blotter paper, and sugar cubes.
26
What are the **common methods of use** for **Psilocybin**?
* Oral (most common) * Inhalation (smoking) ## Footnote Mushrooms are often eaten, ground up into capsules, or made into tea.
27
What are the **effects** of hallucinogen use?
* Hallucinations * Irrational behavior * Insomnia * Loss of appetite * Dazed appearance * Impaired memory * Body tremors * Excessive sweating * Increased respiration * Restlessness * Possible flashbacks (with LSD) * Grinding of teeth ## Footnote Users may perceive things differently from reality.
28
What are the **sources** of opiates?
* Opium poppy plant (morphine, codeine, heroin) * Synthetic manufacturers (demerol, methadone, fentanyl) ## Footnote The human body produces endorphins, which relieve pain naturally.
29
What are the **common street names** for **heroin**?
* Negra * Black * Tar * Boy * Chiva * La blanca * White ## Footnote Street names vary by region.
30
What is the **appearance** of heroin?
* Varies (often white/tan) * Brown * Tar ## Footnote Heroin's consistency can range from coarse face powder to black or brown tar.
31
What are the **common methods of use** for **heroin**?
* Injection (most common) * Intranasal (snorted) * Inhalation (smoked) * Orally (swallowed) ## Footnote Users may also use eye drop containers for consumption.
32
What does the term **chasing the dragon** refer to?
Opium is smoked by using an opium pipe ## Footnote This term is commonly associated with the method of consuming opium.
33
List the **injection equipment** paraphernalia used for injecting heroin.
* Matches or lighter * Water * Spoon, bottle cap, soda can bottom * Hypodermic needle (e.g., insulin syringes) * Small amount of cotton/cigarette filters * Tourniquet (e.g., a belt or necktie) * Handkerchief * Pouch, glasses case or other container * Eyedroppers ## Footnote These items are commonly used in the preparation and administration of heroin.
34
List the **snorting equipment** paraphernalia.
* Straw * Plastic pen casing * Nasal sprayer * Syringe (used to spray liquid) ## Footnote These items are used for the inhalation of powdered drugs.
35
What is **fentanyl** and how powerful is it compared to morphine?
A synthetic opioid analgesic up to 100 times more powerful than morphine ## Footnote Fentanyl was legally manufactured in the late 1950s to treat extreme pain.
36
How can **fentanyl** be encountered?
* Odorless white or off-white powder * Counterfeit tablets/pills * Sold alone or in combination with other drugs ## Footnote Fentanyl can be injected, snorted, smoked, or taken orally.
37
What are the **effects of fentanyl** on the body?
* Intense euphoria * Drowsiness/respiratory depression * Nausea * Confusion * Constipation * Sedation * Unconsciousness/coma * Addiction * Possible death ## Footnote Overdosing on fentanyl is common due to unknown concentrations in various forms.
38
What are the **general indicators of opiate use**?
* Droopy eyelids * Nodding off or drowsiness * Slow breathing * Slow deliberate speech * Injection sites/puncture wounds * Profuse itching/scratching * Dry skin and mouth * Muscle tone relaxation * Euphoria * Cold extremities ## Footnote These symptoms indicate possible narcotic analgesic use.
39
What is the **biological name** for the cannabis plant?
Cannabis Sativa L. ## Footnote This plant produces various street drugs including marijuana and concentrated cannabis.
40
List the **three main street drugs** that come from the cannabis plant.
* Marijuana * Concentrated cannabis * Concentrated cannabis oil * Concentrated cannabis crystal ## Footnote These forms vary in potency and method of use.
41
What is the **active ingredient** in cannabis?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ## Footnote THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis.
42
List some **common names** for marijuana.
* Grass * Weed * Buds * Pot * Dope * Purple * Doobie * Ganja * Shake * Mota * Yerba * Kush * Sinsemilla * Mary Jane * 420 * Blunt * Reefer ## Footnote These names vary by region and culture.
43
What are the **characteristics** of the cannabis plant?
* Green leaves with odd number of leaflets (5 to 11) * Leaves 2 to 6 inches long, pointed tips, saw-like edges * Peculiar odor ## Footnote These features help identify the cannabis plant.
44
What are the **common methods** for taking cannabis?
* Inhalation (smoking) * Orally (e.g., edibles) ## Footnote Smoking is the most common method of cannabis consumption.
45
What are the **general indicators of marijuana use**?
* Bloodshot eyes * Eyelid and body tremors * Debris residue in mouth * Dry mouth * Loss of sense of time and space * Diminished inhibitions * Difficulty concentrating * Increased appetite * Odor of burnt marijuana * Green or yellow coating on tongue ## Footnote Frequent users may also have a chronic cough.
46
What are **depressants** and their general effect on the body?
Drugs that slow brain functions and parts of the CNS ## Footnote Alcohol is one of the most common depressants.
47
List some **common names** for depressants.
* Secobarbital * Rohypnol (roofies) * Halcion * Librium * Valium (Diazepam) * Xanax (Zannie) * GHB (easy lay) * Soma * Alcohol ## Footnote These drugs are often referred to as 'downers'.
48
What are the **signs and symptoms** of depressant use?
* Bloodshot and watery eyes * Odor of alcoholic beverage * Loss of coordination * Slurred speech ## Footnote Depressants can cause sluggishness and disorientation.
49
What are the **categories** of inhalants?
* Volatile solvents * Aerosols * Anesthetic gases ## Footnote These categories classify inhalant products based on their chemical properties.
50
List some **commercial or household products** associated with volatile solvents.
* Glue * Rubber cement * Gasoline * Paint/paint thinner * Lacquer thinner * Kerosene * Spray paint * Lighter fluid ## Footnote These products are commonly misused as inhalants.
51
What are the **signs and symptoms** of inhalant use?
* Double vision * Slurred speech * Poor coordination * Headache and nausea * Odor of chemical substance on breath * Feeling of intoxication * Possible unconsciousness * Hallucinations ## Footnote Inhalants can lead to severe damage to vital organs.
52
What is **Phencyclidine (PCP)** commonly known as?
* Angel dust * Dust * Shermans or Sherms * KJ (kool joint) ## Footnote PCP is the most encountered dissociative anesthetic.
53
What are the **common forms** of PCP and their associated appearances?
* Liquid: clear or yellow-colored * Crystal: loose powder to lumps, usually off-white to yellowish-tan to brown * Tablets/Capsules: pale yellow or pink ## Footnote Each form has specific packaging, such as eye drop containers for liquid and zip-lock bags for powder.
54
How is **PCP** most commonly used?
* Inhalation (dipped in cigarettes) * Injection * Intranasal (inhaled powder) * Orally (capsules/tablets) * Transdermal (through skin) ## Footnote Inhalation is the most common method of use.
55
What are some **signs and symptoms** of PCP use?
* Disorientation * Sensory distortions * Paranoia * Hallucinations * Muscle rigidity * High tolerance to pain ## Footnote Users may also exhibit a blank stare and cyclic behavior.
56
True or false: **PCP** can cause impairments similar to those produced by depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.
TRUE ## Footnote PCP affects vital signs and can lead to various psychological and physical symptoms.
57
What are the **vital signs** affected by PCP?
* Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN): present * Vertical Gaze Nystagmus (VGN): present * Lack of Convergence: present * Pupil Reaction: normal * Pulse Rate: elevated ## Footnote These indicators help in identifying PCP use.
58
What is a **common analogue** of PCP?
Ketamine Hydrochloride ## Footnote Ketamine is widely used in pediatric surgery and marketed as 'Ketalar' for humans and 'Vetalar' for veterinary use.
59
What is **Dextromethorphan (DXM)** and its effects?
* Active ingredient in cough remedies * Euphoric effects * Psychedelic effects * Dissociative effects ## Footnote DXM is not an analogue of PCP but has similar effects.
60
What safety precautions should **peace officers** take when encountering drug users?
* Avoid touching substances * Use personal protective equipment * Watch for exposed syringes * Be cautious of drug-induced psychotic behavior ## Footnote Drug users may behave violently and unpredictably.
61
What should peace officers be aware of when apprehending individuals under the influence of **PCP**?
* Agitated and combative behavior * Heightened sensitivity to stimuli * High tolerance to pain ## Footnote PCP can cause long-term ill effects and is cumulative.
62
What is the **appearance** of LSD for street sale?
Commonly looks like small squares of paper or gel tabs ## Footnote LSD is often sold in colorful designs or printed images.
63
What factors can peace officers use to establish **probable cause**?
* Observable behavior * Associated paraphernalia ## Footnote These factors help in identifying signs of drug impairment or use.
64
Name some **observable signs** of drug impairment.
* Hyperactivity * Impaired gait * Paranoia * Blank stare * Profuse sweating * Odor * On the nod ## Footnote These signs can indicate potential drug use or impairment.
65
What are some **symptoms** associated with drug use?
* Excessive or constant scratching * Physiological conditions * Slurring * Dry mouth * Pupil size * Pulse rate * Red watery eyes * Droopy or retracted eyelids * Flushed or pale skin color ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms can aid in identifying drug impairment.
66
What is considered **drug paraphernalia**?
* Crack/meth pipe * Needles * Spoons or aluminum can bottoms * Eyedroppers * Stash canisters * Pill bottle with coins inside * Opened/cut straws/hollowed out pens/cards * Tin foil ## Footnote These items are commonly associated with the use of controlled substances.
67
True or false: It is lawful to possess drug paraphernalia until it is used or intent to use is shown.
TRUE ## Footnote Specific intent to use must be demonstrated through evidence of prior use.
68
According to Health and Safety Code Section 11376.5, what actions are not considered a crime during an overdose situation?
* Possess a controlled substance or analogue * Be under the influence of a controlled substance * Possess drug paraphernalia ## Footnote This provision aims to encourage individuals to seek medical aid without fear of legal repercussions.
69
Fill in the blank: **Possession of drug paraphernalia** is covered by Health and Safety Code Section _______.
11364 ## Footnote This section outlines the legal framework for drug paraphernalia possession.
CDFW Academy
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions