Variation
similarities and differences among organisms
heredity
how characteristics are transmitted through generations
genetic information
-directs cellular function
-determines an organism’s external appearance
-serves as link between generations in every species
1865; person and contribution:
Gregor (Johann) Mendel and genes are particulate factors (father of genetics)
1871: person and contribution
Friedrich Miescher; discovery of nucleic acids
it is not disease that we pass on/ inherit, but it is the genes
1903: person and contribution
Walter Sutton; Chromosomes are hereditary units
genes are found in chromosomes
1910: person and contribution
Thomas Hunt Morgan; genes lie on chromosomes
he fined walter sutton’s theory
1913: person and contribution
alfread strurtevant: chromosomes are linear arrays of genes
modification of thomas morgan’s theory
1927: person and contribution
Hermann Muller; mutations are physical changes of genes
1931: person and contribution
Harriett Creighton and Barbara McClintock
- recombination by crossing over
occurrence of crossing over of chromosomes
meiosis I, pachytene stage
1941; person and contribution
george beadle and edward tatum
- gene codes for protein
* one gene one enzyme hypothesis *
1944: person and contribution
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
- DNA as the genetic material
- types of nucleic acid : DNA+RNA
1951: person and contribution
Friedrick Sanger; First protein sequence
- insulin hormone
1953: person and contribution
James Watson&Francis Crick: double helix from Rosalind Franklin
1958: person and contribution
Mattew Meselson& Franklin Stahl;
- DNA replicates semiconservatively
- semiconservatively: separate double helix and that strand serves as a template for new stands
1961: person and contribution
Marshall Nirengerg& Heinrich Matthaei;
- genetic code is triplet
-genetic dictonary
1977: person and contribution
Fredrick Sanger, Allan Maxam, Walter Gilbert; DNA can be sequenced
1995: person and contribution
Institute of Genomic Research; Haemophilus influenzae genome sequenced
- this due to the consequence of DNA
2001: person and contribution
Human Genome Project: Human genome sequenced
- first haploid complement was announced in the white house
Enumerate the fields of genetics
- Transmission genetics
- Cytogenetics
- Molecular Genetics
- Population
Definition of Transmission genetics
definition: Patterns of inheritance are determined through planned breeding experiments
- done by mendel
definition of cytogenetics
the study of cellular of physical basis of heredity
study of chromosomes
best phase of viewing chroosomes and reasoning
mitosis metaphase right before the 2 sister chromatids separate/ at diad phase
- this is because they are at its thickest/ most compact
