LE MSK

Question 1

General Inspection

Answer 1

• observe gait and posture, transfer, response to directions
• Inspect skin for color, swelling, rashes, masses
• assess spine for alignment and symmetry
• assess extremities for size, deformity, alignment, symmetry
• observe muscles for hypertrophy/atrophy

Question 2

Spine

Answer 2

Patient bends forward to touch toes

• palpate paravertebral, trapezius, rhomboids for spasm
• palpate SI joints, spinal processes, paravertebral muscles, sacrum
• Check ROM of spine (forward flexion, extension, lateral bend, rotation, hip extension)
• Check ROM of neck (forward flexion, extension, lateral bend, rotation)
• check DTRs of knee and ankle
• perform SLR until pain, then dorsiflex foot
• check sensation of L4, L5, S1

Question 3

Hip

Answer 3

• Palpate pubic symphysis, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spines, greater trochanters, ischial tuberosity
• Check hip ROM (flexion, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation, extenstion)

Question 4

Knee

Answer 4

• Palpate patella, patellar tendon, head of fibula, medial and lateral joint lines
• Check knee ROM (flexion, extension, rotation)
• Test ant/post ligaments with Drawer
• Test ACL with Lachman
• Test medial/collateral ligaments with Valgus/Varus
• Test meniscus with McMurray

Question 5

Ankle/Foot

Answer 5

• Palpate surface location of plantar fascia and medial/lateral malleolus
• Palpate surface location of tendons (achilles, posterior tibial, anterior tibial, peroneal, toe extensors)
• Check ankle/foot ROM (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion)