Test for nerve root compression (L4-S1) due to a lumbar intervertebral disk herniation; positive is symptoms 30-70 degrees, then should be followed by test for sign of the buttock
SLR
- normal female = 80*
- normal male = 70*
What does the sign of the buttock indicate?
possible bursitis, abscess, or neoplasm
-pain occurs on posterior side with knee flexed 90 and hip flexed
Test for tight hip flexors; implicates hip capsule tightness, osteoarthritis, or adductor tightness; pain on anteromedial thigh is indicative of hip joint implication
FABER test
- posterior pain = SI joint, bursa, sciatic nerve or posterior capsule
- positive test if leg doesn’t come down to life of other leg
Test performed with pt sitting edge of plinth and assumes a fig 4 position; positive test if pt can’t perform test and pain is present; may indicate OA, or decreased flexibility in hamstrings, glut max, or mutlifus
Jansen’s test
Pt sits on edge of plinth and examiner extends one leg at a time; positive test for tight hamstrings if pt extends trunk/ reaches back with hands
Tripod test
long sitting with one leg bent and one leg straight, reach to toes of straight leg with both hands; knee coming up = tight hamstrings; abd of flexed LE = tight TFL/ITB; add of flexed LE = tight add
Hamstring contracture test
long sitting have the pt lean forward to touch their toes; screening for low back/ erector spinae, gluts, hamstrings, gastroc/ soles couplex
Wells Bend and Reach test
Pt supine (level ASIS), adducted leg is pulled into neutral; positive test if same side ASIS rises
adductor contracture
- same test for abductor contracture but involved side will be abducted and pelvis will shift downward when pulled into neutral
What indicates a positive FADIR test?
pain with pressure
- can do a passive stretch for posterior/ lateral structures
- compression = anterior medial structures
pt supine, flex knee with minimal abd, take patient into IR then ER, (stop when greater trochanter is most prominent); ante version = increased IR, retroversion = increased ER
Craig’s test
- female IR = 45
- male IR = 35
- male and female ER = 45
Pt supine with thighs ½ way off and contralateral leg flexed; do test in both adduction and abduction
Thomas test
- test for tight hip flexors
PT prone with passive knee bend while stabilizing the PSIS; monitor for increased lumbar lordosis
Ely test
Sidling; abd and estend upper leg and passively lower the leg, leg should touch exam table
Ober test
- knee flexed should result in lowering of leg, however if TFL is tight it will raise due to retinacular fibers over knee
pt standing; marks are made 5cm below and 10cm above PSIS; pt goes into flexion, should have 20+ cm, if not it indicates tight erector spinae
modified schooner test
What tests are done for effusion at the knee?
- milking test
- girth measurement
- Ballotment test (push down on knee cap)
What tests are done for PF mobility?
- med/lat/cep/caud glides
- med/lat tilts
- pf active/ passive tracking
- looking for grinding
What tests are done for meniscus injury?
- McMurray’s test (dynamic component as well)
- Apley’s compression (with DDV)
- Recurvatum
What tests are done for PCL injuries?
- recurvatum
- Sag test (with clanky’s step up)
- posterior drawer
What tests are done for ACL injury?
- anterior drawer
2. lachman’s test
What tests are done for collateral ligaments?
- Varus stress (0* and 30*)
- Valgus stress (0* and 30*)
- Apley’s distraction (with DDV)
How should the patella track?
Should have a “J” pattern 30-60 degrees in OC
patient in long sitting, passive DF, 1st MTP in extension; palpate from calcaneal tubercle along the bands of MT 1,2,3 to elicit pain, indicating positive test
Plantar fascia test
tap test over posterior tib nerve; used for tarsal tunnel syndrome [flexor retinaculum pressure may compress post tib leading to reproduction of neurological S and S]
Tinel sign
What is the minimum ROM for the 1st MTP joint for normal toe off for gait? [compensate is stoppage gait or excessive pronation; abnormal extension can lead to patella-femoral pain (orthotic recommendation)]
50-70 degrees
-in class, 78 degrees
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LE Dermatomes, Myotomes, and Reflexes20
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LE Open pack, Close pack, and Capsular pattern36
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LE Random from Notes77
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LE Random from book20
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Random Hip/Ankle/Foot anatomy62
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LE Special tests38
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UE Dermatomes, Myotomes, and Reflexes23
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UE Special tests29
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UE Random from Notes48
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UE Open Pack, Close Pack, and Capsular Pattern33
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UE Random from Book35
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Cervical Spine47
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Thoracic/ Lumbar Spine65
