Classical conditioning
Type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS/NS)
Previously neural stimulus that through learning, gains the power to cause a response
Neutral stimulus (CS/NS)
Initially triggers no response
Conditioned response (CR)
Response to the conditioned stimulus
Trial
Subject learns to associate the two stimuli to produce a conditioned response
Acquistion
Process of developing a learned response
Extinction
Diminishing of a learned response
Spontaneous Recovery
Reappearance of a conditioned response
Generalization
Producing the same response to two similar stimuli
Discrimination
Producing different responses to two stimuli
Operant Conditioning
Frequency of the behavior is affected by the consequences
Law of Effect
Behaviors that lead to favorable consequences will occur more frequently than those that have less favorable consequences
BF Skinner (operant conditioning)
Pigeons peck a key for food, their behavior based upon rewards and punishments
Reinforcement
Any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior
Positive Reinforcement
Increases the likelihood of a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
Removes an undesirable stimulus
Immediate Reinforcement
Reinforce as soon as behavior is made
Delayed Reinforcement
Reinforce behavior at a later time
Primary Reinforcement
Something that is naturally rewarding
ex: food, water, praise
Secondary Reinforcement
Something that is a learning reward
ex: money, grades
Continuous Reinforcement
Reward every correct response
Partial Reinforcement
Reward only some responses
