1
Q
What does VLE stand for?
A
Virtual Learning Environment
2
Q
What is a VLE used for?
A
To allow students to access their documents from anywhere including their house via a mobile device.
3
Q
What are some examples of a VLE?
A
Zoom, Google Classroom, Microsoft Teams
4
Q
What are some advantages of using a VLE?
A
- can be accessed from anywhere via a mobile device
- all resources are organised in one place helping reduce risks of losing documents like in real life with physical copies
- collaboration tools like group chat encourage teamwork so more efficient to achieve goals
5
Q
What are some disadvantages of using a VLE?
A
- since it depends on technology, technical issues can disrupt learning like lack of decent internet connection/access
- since it is online many students may be prone to procrastination and distraction by social media and games etc
- certain hands on skills like experiments may be hard to learn online
6
Q
What is a server?
A
A fast powerful computer with extensive storage capacity that provides resources and services to other computer systems.
7
Q
What is a client server?
A
Your device you use which is connected to the main server
8
Q
What are the functions of a server?
A
-controls access and security to one shared file store
-runs a backup of data
-manages printing jobs
9
Q
What does a client server do?
A
Makes requests to the main server for data and connections
10
Q
What the advantages of a client-server model?
A
- easier to take backups of all shared data
- easier to install software updates to all computers
11
Q
What are some disadvantages of a client server network?
A
-can be expensive to set up and maintain
-requires IT specialists to maintain
12
Q
What is the function of a file server?
A
To store data allowing clients to remotely access their shared files often through the LAN only.
13
Q
What is the function of a print server?
A
To manage print jobs and communicate with printers.
14
Q
What is the function of a web server?
A
To host websites but it may connect to a database.
Also it allows clients to receive and request webpages via https.
15
Q
What is an Operating System?
A
An Operating System is system software that manages hardware resources and provides services for application software. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
16
Q
What are the functions of an Operating System?
A
1)Manages CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices.
2)Process Management: Manages tasks or processes running on the system.
3)File System Management: Handles file storage and organisation on storage devices.
4)Security and Access Control: Ensures data security and user authentication.
5)User Interface: Provides a way for users to interact with the computer.
17
Q
Advantages of an operating system
(Don’t have to memorise all , memorise some of them, its best to know at-least 4)
A
- Resource Management
The OS efficiently manages hardware resources, such as CPU, memory, and storage, ensuring optimal performance.
It allocates resources to various tasks and applications, balancing the system load. - User-Friendly Interface
Provides user-friendly interfaces, such as Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), which make it easier for users to interact with the system.
Command-Line Interfaces (CLI) are also available for advanced users to execute commands directly. - Multitasking
Allows multiple programs to run simultaneously, improving productivity. For example, users can browse the web while editing a document. - Security and Access Control
Protects data with features like user authentication, encryption, and firewalls.
Prevents unauthorized access
5.Device Management
Manages peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, and external storage through device drivers.
Provides compatibility for various hardware devices.
- Error Detection and Handling
Monitors the system for errors, prevents system crashes, and provides troubleshooting mechanisms. - Networking Support
Enables communication between computers through networking, allowing file sharing, internet access, and resource sharing. - System Performance Optimization
Enhances performance by managing resources efficiently and scheduling tasks effectively.
18
Q
Disadvantages to an operating system
(at-least memorise 4)
A
- Cost
Some operating systems, such as Windows and macOS, can be expensive, with high licensing and upgrade fees.
Organisations may also incur additional costs for specialized enterprise OS versions. - Vulnerabilities and Security Risks
Operating systems are frequent targets for hackers and malware due to their widespread use.
If not properly updated, they can expose systems to viruses, ransomware, and other cyber threats. - Dependency on Hardware
Some operating systems are designed for specific hardware and may not work on other devices. For example, macOS is limited to Apple hardware.
Upgrading the OS might require purchasing new hardware to meet system requirements. - Compatibility Issues
Software or hardware compatibility can be an issue, particularly with older systems or custom applications.
Not all programs run seamlessly on every OS, leading to potential usability challenges. - Regular Updates and Maintenance
Operating systems often require regular updates to fix bugs, patch vulnerabilities, and improve performance, which can be disruptive.
Users may experience downtime during updates, and in some cases, updates can introduce new issues. - Risk of Data Loss
If an OS crashes or malfunctions, it can lead to data corruption or loss, especially without proper backups in place.
19
Q
What is single User,multitasking and some Examples
A
is an operating system capability that allows a single user to run multiple tasks or applications simultaneously on a single device. Examples of Single-User Multitasking operating systems include:
1.Microsoft Windows
2.Android
3.iOS
20
Q
What is a peripheral device?
A
A piece of hardware attached to a computer system that provides it with extra functions but does not contribute to its primary function and is controlled by it.
21
Q
What are some examples of peripheral devices?
A
Printer, speakers, monitor, mouse, keyboard
22
Q
What are the three types of peripheral devices?
A
Input devices, output devices and storage devices
23
Q
What is an input device?
A
A piece of hardware which helps enter data onto a computer system.
24
Q
What are some examples of input devices?
A
Barcode scanners, webcams, keyboards, microphones
25
Advantages and Disadvantages of single user multitasking
Advantages
1.Efficient Resource Use
Allows a single user to run multiple applications at the same time, improving productivity.
Manages system resources efficiently for simultaneous tasks.
2.User-Friendly
Simplifies system usage with intuitive interfaces, such as those in Windows.
3.Lower Complexity
Easier to maintain and manage compared to multi-user systems.
Does not require complex user account or access management.
4.Performance Optimization
Focuses on the needs of a single user, optimizing system performance for their tasks.
5.Widely Available
Commonly found in personal devices, making them accessible for most users.
Disadvantages
1.Limited to One User
Only one user can operate the system at a time, restricting its use in collaborative or multi-user environments.
2.Resource Overload
Running multiple applications simultaneously can strain system resources, leading to slow performance on less powerful devices.
3.No Concurrent User Interaction
Does not support multiple users working on the system at the same time, which limits its utility in shared or networked environments.
4.Security Risks
Less robust security features compared to multi-user systems, as it is not designed to manage multiple user permissions.
5.Dependency on User
System performance and efficiency heavily rely on how effectively the single user manages tasks.
26
What is an output device?
A piece of hardware which presents information to the user.
27
What are some examples of output devices?
Monitor, speakers, projectors, printers
28
What is a storage device?
A piece of hardware on which data can be stored.
29
Whats a client sever network
(Advantages and Disadvantages)
is a type of network architecture where multiple client devices (such as computers, laptops) communicate with services from a central server. The server provides services such as data storage, application hosting, or resource management to the connected clients.
Advantages:
•Centralised management of data and resources.
•Improved security and access control.
•Easy scalability for growing networks.
Disadvantages:
•Server dependency: If the server fails, clients lose access.
•Higher costs for setup and maintenance.
30
What are some examples of storage devices?
SSD (solid state drive), HDD (hard disk drive), DVD, memory card
31
When choosing a storage device, what are the 6 factors that should be considered?
• capacity
• speed
• portability
• durability
• reliability
• cost
32
what is Interrupts
An interrupt is a signal from a software program, hardware device or internal clock to the CPU that is triggered by a timer to show an error message.
33
iWhat are the advantages of an SSD (sold state drive)?
* speed - faster than traditional HDDs
* durable - since they have no moving parts which can be broken
* energy efficient so they won’t overheat
34
What are device drivers
A device driver is a computer program that provides a software interface to a particular hardware device. This enables operating systems to access hardware functions without needing to know details of the hardware being used.
35
What is User Interface
The user interface is the way in which we interact with computer hardware. Whatever method is used for the user to communicate with a computer or, it is the operating system that provides these features.
36
What are the disadvantages of an SSD?
• cost - they are more expensive than HDDs
• limited storage compared to HDDs
• potential data loss if drive fails
37
What is GUI (Graphical User Interface)
A GUI is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with a computer or device using visual elements such as icons, buttons, windows, and menus, instead of text-based commands. It is designed to make systems more intuitive and user-friendly.
38
What are the advantages and disadvantages to GUI
Advantages
1.User-Friendly
GUIs are intuitive and easy to use, making them ideal for beginners and non-technical users. Visual elements like icons and buttons make navigation simpler.
2.Visual Feedback
Provides immediate visual feedback, helping users understand the effects of their actions (e.g., drag-and-drop, open/close windows).
3.Multitasking
Allows users to work with multiple applications or documents simultaneously by using windows, tabs, and other visual elements.
4.Accessibility
Easier for users with limited technical knowledge to interact with the system without needing to learn complex commands or syntax.
Disadvantages
1.Resource Intensive
GUIs consume more system resources (such as CPU, memory, and storage) compared to command-line interfaces (CLI), leading to slower performance, especially on low-end devices.
2.Slower for Advanced Users
While user-friendly for beginners, GUIs can be slower for experienced users who prefer typing commands. CLI often allows more efficient and quicker task execution for advanced operations.
3.Complexity in Design
Designing and maintaining a GUI can be more complex and time-consuming than developing a text-based interface.
4.Limited Precision
GUI elements like sliders or buttons may not offer the precision of command-line operations, which can be important for tasks like system administration or coding.
5.Expensive
GUIs may require more hardware resources and processing power, which can be a disadvantage for older or resource-constrained systems.
39
what is a command line interface
is a text-based user interface that allows users to interact with a computer system by typing commands. It does not use graphical elements like icons or buttons, but instead relies on a command prompt where users type specific instructions to perform tasks.
40
Advantages and disadvantage to command line interface
Advantages
1.Efficiency
CLI allows for quick execution of commands, enabling advanced users to perform tasks faster compared to a graphical user interface (GUI).
2.Low Resource Consumption
Since CLI operates without graphics, it uses minimal system resources, making it suitable for systems with limited hardware capabilities.
3.Advanced Control
CLI provides more granular control over system operations and access to functions not typically available through a GUI.
4.Automation
Tasks can be automated through scripting, enhancing productivity and reducing repetitive manual work.
5.Remote Administration
CLI is ideal for remote access and system management through tools like SSH, especially when bandwidth is limited.
Disadvantages
1.User will need a better understanding
Users must familiarize themselves with specific commands, syntax, and parameters, making it less accessible for beginners.
2.Error-Prone
A minor error in typing commands can lead to system failures or undesired outcomes, as there is limited error feedback.
3.No Visual Feedback
Unlike GUIs, CLI lacks graphical representations, making it more difficult for users to interpret the system’s state or perform complex tasks visually.
4.Limited to Text
CLI is unsuitable for tasks requiring a graphical interface, such as image editing or design work.
5.Not User-Friendly
CLI is less intuitive than a GUI, requiring detailed knowledge of commands, making it challenging for users unfamiliar with command syntax.
41
What are the advantages of a HDD (hard disk drive)?
• large storage capacity
• cheap
• offer easy data recovery if damaged
42
What are the disadvantages of a HDD?
• moving parts produce a lot of heat which can lead to overheating
• not portable due to its large nature and weight
• can be easily damaged
43
What does RFID stand for?
Radio Frequency Identification
44
What are RFID tags used for?
To identify and track tags attached to objects, clothing or animals via electromagnetic fields.
45
What is AI (artificial intelligence)?
The simulation of human intelligence behaviours by computers.
46
What are the main characteristics of AI?
1) to collect data
2) to have a set of rules for using that data
3) the ability to reason
4) the ability to learn and adapt
47
How is AI used in medicine?
Medical diagnosis - a computer would be given many different scans each with a confirmed diagnosis so when it comes across a scan it has not seen before it is quicker than a human in detecting and diagnosing an issue.
48
Factors affecting the choice of user interface
Ease of use-
A GUI is visually intuitive and much easier to learn.
A CLI requires users to memorise commands and type them in with no errors.
Speed-
Have to use a mouse and sometimes a keyboard to select files and perform other operations, which is generally slower than writing a command.
Some operations can be carried out faster using a CLI. For example, moving all files with a .jpg extension to another folder.
Memory-
Requires much more memory and time to load resources such as icons and fonts, drivers for mouse and other resources such as voice input devices.
A CLI takes considerably less memory and other resources. However if the CLI is an option in Windows, nothing is saved because Windows still has to be loaded.
Multitasking-
Very easy to load many different apps or files and run or view any of them on screen simultaneously.
Although sometimes possible, it is not easy to view multiple programs or files on screen at the same time.
New versions-
New versions of a GUl, e.g. Windows 10, may mean the user has to learn new ways of doing familiar tasks.
Existing commands in a CLI rarely change, though new ones may be added.
49
Whats a menu based interface and examples
It is a type of user interface where users interact with a system by selecting options from a list or menu of choices. Instead of typing commands or interacting with graphical elements like buttons or icons, users navigate through different options that are presented in a structured, organized format
These interfaces are common in various types of software and devices, such as:
•Smartphones (e.g., settings menus)
•Software applications
•Video game menus
50
Advantages of menu based interface
1.User-Friendly: It provides a clear, easy way for users to interact with a system. Users just select options from a list, making it simple to use, even for beginners.
2.Fewer Errors: Since users choose from predefined options, there’s less chance of making mistakes compared to typing commands manually.
3.Efficiency: Menus allow users to quickly access different features or actions, improving speed and productivity, especially in complex systems.
4.Consistency: Menu layouts are often similar across different software, which helps users quickly learn new programs.
5.Organised Information: Menus group related tasks together, making it easy to find what you need
6.Guided Interaction: Menus help guide users through tasks, reducing confusion and mistakes.
51
what are the disadvantages to a menu based interface
1.Limited Flexibility: Menus can only provide a limited set of options. If users need access to more advanced or specialized features, they might have to dig through multiple layers of menus, which can be cumbersome.
2.Overcrowding: If there are too many options in a menu, it can become cluttered and overwhelming. This reduces efficiency, as users might have to scroll through long lists to find what they need.
3.Slower for Experienced Users: For advanced or experienced users, menu-based interfaces may be slower compared to command-line interfaces (CLI) because they require more clicks or navigation to reach desired functions.
4.Inefficient for Complex Tasks: In applications with many features, navigating through multiple submenus can be time-consuming and inefficient, especially if the tasks are complex.
5.Space-Consuming: Menus can take up significant screen space, especially in graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which could reduce the available space for content or other interactions.
6.Limited Discovery of Features: If options are buried too deep in menus or hidden , users may not be aware of all the available features, leading to the software not being used properly.
52
What is an adaptive interface
An adaptive interface responds to individual users as well as to screen size.They collect data over time and anticipate each user's actions and preferences. Voice recognition, facial recognition and other personalised functions could all be used to create adaptive interfaces.
53
Advantages to adaptive interface
1.Personalized Experience: Adaptive interfaces can customise the layout, content, and features based on user behavior, preferences, or skill level, improving overall user satisfaction and engagement.
2.Improved Usability: By tailoring the interface to the individual, adaptive systems can make tasks easier, faster, and more intuitive, especially for new users or those with specific needs.
3.Increased Efficiency: Adaptive interfaces streamline interactions by prioritizing the most relevant features for the user, reducing the time spent navigating unnecessary options or information.
4.Enhanced Accessibility: Adaptive systems can adjust to meet the needs of users with disabilities or impairments, such as enlarging text, changing contrast, or modifying control schemes, improving inclusivity.
5.Scalability: Adaptive interfaces can scale with the user’s experience or needs, adjusting as they become more familiar with the system or as their tasks become more complex.
54
Disadvantages to an adaptive interface
1.Complex to Build: Developing adaptive interfaces is complicated and requires a lot of resources.
2.Too Customized: If the interface adapts too much to a user’s behavior, it may limit their ability to explore new features.
3.Privacy Issues: Collecting user data for personalization raises concerns about privacy and security.
4.Inconsistent Experience: Frequent changes in the interface can confuse users and make it unpredictable.
5.High Resource Usage: Adaptive interfaces use more computer resources (like memory and processing power), which can slow down performance.
6.Limited Flexibility: Adaptive interfaces may not always meet the needs of all users, especially those with specific requirements or preferences.
55
Whats the purpose of utility software
Utility software is system software designed to optimise the performance of the computer or perform tasks such as backing up files, restoring corrupted files from backup, compressing or decompressing data, encrypting data before transmission or providing a firewall.
56
What is a disk defragmentation
A disk defragmenter is a utility program that will reorganise a hard disk so that files which have been split up intoblocks and stored all over the disk will be recombined in a single series of sequential blocks. This makes reading a file quicker.
57
What a virus checker
A virus checker utility checks a hard drive for viruses and removes them. Depending on the level of protection offered, incoming emails and internet downloads wil also be checked and cleaned.
58
What is a compression software
Several utility programs are supplied as part of the operating system. These include utilities to copy, move and delete files, create, move and delete folders and to provide screensavers. Other utility programs such as WinZip for compressing and sharing files may have to be purchased from independent suppliers.
59
List the features of utility software
-Disk defragmentation
-Virus Checker
-Compression software
60
Factors affecting choice, use and performance of utility software
-Performance
-Cost
-Security
61
What is general purpose software
General-purpose software such as a word-processor, spreadsheet or graphics package, can be used for many different purposes. For example, a graphics package may be used to produce advertisements or animations.
62
What is Special purpose software
performs a single specific task or set of tasks. Examples include payroll and accounts packages, hotel booking systems, fingerprint scanning systems.
63
What is on the shelf
On-the-shelf software is pre-made, ready-to-use software designed for general purposes. Examples include Microsoft Office, Zoom, or antivirus programs.
64
What are the advantages and disadvantages to on the shelf
Advantages:
1.Affordable: Costs less because it’s made for many users.
2.Quick to Use: No need to wait for development.
3.Reliable: Tested by many users, with regular updates.
4.Support Available: Comes with manuals and customer support.
Disadvantages:
1.Limited Customization: May not meet all specific needs.
2.Licensing Rules: You must follow the vendor’s terms.
3.Missing or Unneeded Features: Might lack important tools or include extras you don’t need.
4.Dependence on provider : Updates and support depend on the software provider.
65
What is bespoke software
Bespoke software is custom-made software specifically designed and developed to meet the unique requirements of a particular user, organization, or business. Unlike off-the-shelf software, bespoke solutions are tailored to address specific needs that cannot be fulfilled by standard software.
66
What are the advantages and disadvantages to bespoke software
Advantages:
1.Tailored to Needs: Designed to perfectly match the user’s requirements.
2.Greater Control: Users have full ownership and control over features and functionality.
3.Scalability: Can grow and adapt to changing needs over time.
4.Competitive Edge: Offers unique features that give an organization an advantage over competitors.
Disadvantages:
1.Higher Cost: Development is expensive since it is made specifically for one user.
2.Longer Development Time: Custom software takes time to design, develop, and test.
3.Maintenance Responsibility: Maintenance and updates may require additional resources and expertise.
4.Risk of Errors: Since it is new and specific, it may not be as thoroughly tested as widely used off-the-shelf software.
67
what is open source software and the advantages and disadvantages
Open source software (OSS) is software whose source code is made publicly available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it.
Advantages:
•Cost-Effective: Often free to use, reducing expenses.
•Flexibility: Can be customized to meet specific needs.
•Community Support: A broad user base contributes to improvements and provides assistance.
Disadvantages:
•Variable Quality: Not all open source projects maintain high standards.
•Support Limitations: May lack dedicated customer service; support often comes from the community.
•Compatibility Issues: Potential challenges integrating with proprietary systems.
68
what is proprietary software
Advantage and disadvantage
Proprietary software is software owned by an individual or company that restricts its use, modification, and distribution through licenses
Advantages:
•Professional Support: Proprietary software typically includes customer support services, offering assistance with installation, troubleshooting, and updates.
•User-Friendly Design: Often designed with a focus on user experience, making it accessible to a broad audience.
•Integrated Features: Provides a cohesive set of tools and functionalities tailored to specific tasks or industries.
Disadvantages:
•Cost: Licensing fees can be expensive, especially for businesses requiring multiple licenses.
•Lack of Flexibility: Users cannot modify the software to suit their specific needs or fix issues independently.
•Dependency: Users rely on the vendor for updates, security patches, and continued support, which may be subject to the company’s policies and timelines.
69
What is open source software
advantage and disadvantage
Open source software (OSS) is software whose source code is publicly available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it. This openness encourages collaboration and transparency in software development
Advantages:
•Cost-Effective: Often free to use, reducing expenses.
•Flexibility: Can be customized to meet specific needs.
•Community Support: A broad user base contributes to improvements and provides assistance.
Disadvantages:
•Variable Quality: Not all open source projects maintain high standards.
•Support Limitations: May lack dedicated customer service; support often comes from the community.
•Compatibility Issues: Potential challenges integrating with proprietary systems.
70
Open source vs proprietary software
Open source software is governed by the Open Source Initiative that says:
• Software is licensed for use but there is no charge for the licence. Anyone can use it.
• Open source software must be distributed with the source code so anyone can modify it.
• Developers can sell the software they have created.
• Any new software created from open source software must also be 'open'. This means that it must be
distributed or sold in a form that other people can read and also edit.
Unit 1
flashcards
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