What is learning?
○ It is having your nervous system changed by your experiences so you react differently in the future
CC
Unconditioned Stimulus –> Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus –> no conditioned response
US + NS –> unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus –> conditioned response
extinction, generalisation, discrimination, blocking, latent inhibition
- EXTINCTION: when CS is presented repeatedly without US, the CR is unlearned
- SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY: connection traces can remain, like when retraining and same pattern appears faster
- STIMULUS GENERALISATION: when wide range of stimuli superficially similar to the original CS trigger the CR
- DISCRIMINATION: when subject responds differently to similar stimuli and only produces CR to a narrow CS
- BLOCKING: a previous CS conditioning process prevents conditioning to another CS
- LATENT INHIBITION: CS stimuli that have been presented without pairing before are difficult to subsequently pair with new things. slower acquisition of a conditioned response to a familiar stimulus than to an unfamiliar stimulus
define
Operant conditioning
- More likely to repeat actions with good consequences and less likely to repeat actions with bad consequences
OC reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative
- REINFORCEMENT: any consequence that makes the preceding behaviour more likely to occur in the future
- PUNISHMENT: any consequence that makes the preceding behaviour less likely to occur
- POSITIVE reinforcement/punishment - adding something to the subject
- NEGATIVE reinforcement/punishment - removing something from the subject
+ fixed and variable ratio and interval schedule
OC ratio schedule, interval schedule
○ RATIO SCHEDULE: reinforcement is delivered when a certain number of responses are given
- fixed ratio schedule, A fixed number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement may recur
- variable rs, The number of correct repetitions of the correct response for reinforcement varies unpredictably
- INTERVAL SCHEDULE: reinforcement is locked out after administration and can only be given again when a certain amount of time has passed
- fixed interval schedule, response is reinforced after a fixed amount of time passed since last reinforcement
- variable IS, amount of time that must pass between reinforcement varies unpredictably
observational learning
OL modelling, vicarious conditioning, tutelage
- Modelling: Acquiring a new set of behaviours by copying movements of another
- Vicarious conditioning: Acquiring a conditioned response based on seeing pairing and consequences play out
- Tutelage: Teaching concepts or procedures primarily through direct instruction
OL
ABC model
- ANTECEDANTS specific triggers/stimuli
- BEHAVIOUR response of the individual
- CONSEQUENCE positive/negative reinforcement, escape/avoidance, etc.
