Learning - Observational

Question 1

What is biological preparedness?

Answer 1

The theory that organisms are born with an innate predisposition to make some associations quicker than others because they have posed a threat to the survival of the species at some point in time.in humans, this can be in the form of phobias to animals or other threatening situations.

Question 2

What are mirror neurons, what do they show and where are they located?

Answer 2

Mirror neurons are activated when we performan action or watch someone perform that action. First observed in monkeys, they demonstrate that observational learning has biological component. Located in the pre-frontal cortex and parietal lobe, they help us imitate behaviour and learn through observing a role model.

Question 3

What factors influence observational learning?

Answer 3

Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation

Question 4

Describe how the characteristics of the role model influence learning through observation.

Answer 4

The characteristics of a role model influence learn ING through observation by affecting the observers attention, retention and motivation to imitate the behaviour. Factors influencing attention and retention of the leaner include similarity, status and prestige, attractiveness and perceived competence

Question 5

Describe the bandura bobo dollstudies, how they demonstrate observational learning and evaluate the ethics

Question 6

Explain and evaluate the Skinner boxexperimem and how it demonstrates operant conditioning

Question 7

Talk about little Albert experiment and ethics

Question 8

What is observational learning

Answer 8

The process of learning by watching others

Question 9

Confirmation bias

Answer 9

The tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs or biases

Question 10

Social desirability bias

Answer 10

Occurs when respondents give answers to questions that they believe are more socially desirable - an issue in focus groups as it impacts peoples willingness to be honest in their responses

Question 11

Emnocentric bias

Answer 11

A form of bias in which an individual believes that their own culture is superior to another

Question 12

Experimenter effect

Answer 12

A bias where the experimenters expectations or actionsunintention ally influence the result of the study. This can happen through subtle hints to participants or biases in data interpretation

Question 13

Placebo effect

Question 14

CBT

Question 15

Delphi technique

Question 16

Expectancy bias