Behaviorism
Behavior is learned & can be shaped & rewarded
[Skinner & Mager]
- observed through behavior
- feedback is important to shape behavior
- faculty centered
- useful in structured settings, skills learning
- useful in learning resource center
Constructivism
(Social cognitive; sociocultural)
Learning is interactive & occurs in a social environment
[Vgotsky, Piaget, & Bandura]
- learning is processed in a social context (group learning)
- develops reflection & self-awareness
- NE interacts with students to support them as they learn
- Social presence in online courses
Adult Learning
Adults are self-directed and motivated
[Knowles]
- learners draw on experiences
- varied lifestyles & experiences shape learning
- adults feel failure
- facilitate & empower to achieve success
Cognitivism (information processing/ brain based learning)
Learning is a function of the brain; information processed & stored
Context & emotion facilitate learning
[Neuroscience & Bruner]
- learning occurs as learners link new info to existing content
- brains of young adults process info differently
- reflection solidifies learning
- use real world experiences
Deep Learning
Occurs when students learn info & apply it vs. surface learning & memorization
[Ross & Tuovinen]
- students learn materials for application
- links new info to long-term memory
Narrative pedagogy
Based on phemonology; knowledge gained from experience & dialogue
[Diekelmann, Ironsides & Chinn]
- draws on interpretive pedagogues
- students learn through examples and narrative
Caring
Humanistic-existential approach
[Watson]
- used in values-focused curriculum
- develops affective values, worth & dignity
- focus on student and patient
- defined by carative factors
Novice to Expert
Progressive stages of clinical experiences
[Benner]
- developmental stages
- use full in promoting transition to practice
- facilitates competency attainment
Principles of Good Education
[Chickering & Gamson]
- high expectations
- time on task
- Active learning
- Prompt feedback
- interaction with classmates
- interaction with faculty
- respect for diversity
Domains of Learning
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
Cognitive Domain
Evaluation. Creating Synthesis Evaluating Analysis. Analyzing Application Applying Comprehension Understanding Knowledge Remembering
Affective Domain
Internalization Organization Valuing Responding Receiving
Psychomotor Domain
Naturalization * Articulation Precision Manipulation Imitation
- can perform the skill & talk to the patient at the same time
