1
Q
- Function: Primary stress bearing area. (maxilla)
A
RESIDUAL RIDGE
2
Q
compact bone covered with a layer of fibrous connective tissue that is firmly attached.
A
crest
3
Q
- Ideal features: of supporting structures
A
o Firmly attached.
o Keratinized or masticatory type.
o The submucosa should be resilient, fibrous connective tissue having average thickness and should be firmly attached.
4
Q
o More surface area
o Favorable shaped
A
- Class I: SQUARE
5
Q
o Associated with a high arched palate
o Less retention and stability
A
- Class II: TAPERED
6
Q
o Comparatively less common.
A
- Class III: OVOID
7
Q
Classification based on INTERRIDGE RELATIONSHIP
A
- Anterior
o Class I
o Class II
o Class III - Posterior
o Class I
o Class II
o Class III
8
Q
Types based on the SHAPE (cross section)
A. ________ – Good prognosis.
B. ___________ – favorable prognosis, common in mandible.
C._____________ – poor prognosis; usually seen in mandible.
D. ________– poor prognosis.
E. _________– poor prognosis.
F. _________ – potential for difficulties.
A
U shape
V shaped/ tapered
Knife edge
Flat
Inverted
Undercut
9
Q
- Function: Secondary stress bearing area (Maxilla)
A
RUGAE AREA
10
Q
- It resists forward movement of the denture.
A
RUGAE AREA
11
Q
- Significance: relief area
o Mucosa is thin and nonresilient.
o Fulcrum point: cause rocking of the denture.
A
MEDIAN PALATINE RAPHE
12
Q
o Submucosa contains adipose tissue.
o Significance: secondary retentive area.
A
HARD PALATE
* Anterolateral
13
Q
o Glandular region
o Significance: secondary retentive area
o Should not be compressed as it can interfere with the function of the glands.
A
HARD PALATE
* Posterolateral
14
Q
o Most favorable for retention & stability.
A
- Class I – U shaped
15
Q
o Not very favorable
o Slight movement will break the seal and cause loss of retention.
o Associated with tapered arch.
A
- Class II – V shaped
16
Q
o Not very favorable
o Poor resistance to lateral forces.
A
- Class III – Flat or shallow
17
Q
- Small tissue projection that covers incisive foramen through which nasopalatine nerves and vessels pass.
A
INCISIVE PAPILLA
18
Q
- Significance: Relief area
o Pressure on nasopalatine nerve can cause paresthesia, pain, burning sensation.
A
INCISIVE PAPILLA
19
Q
- Function: relived when prominent to prevent soreness
A
ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (MALAR PROCESS)
20
Q
- Significance: it should be covered, teeth are not set in this region
A
MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY
21
Q
I. Maxillary
a. Supporting Structures
(7)
A
i. Residual Ridge
ii. Rugae Area
iii. Median Palatine Raphe
iv. Hard Palate
v. Incisive Papilla
vi. Zygomatic Process (Malar Process)
vii. Maxillary Tuberosity
22
Q
MAXILLA
LIMITING STRUCTURES (11)
A
i. Labial Frenum
ii. Buccal Frenum
iii. Labial Vestibule
iv. Buccal Vestibule
v. Coronoid Process
vi. Masseter Muscle
vii. Pterygomaxillary (Hamular) Notch
viii. Pterygomandibular Raphe
ix. Fovea Palatinae
x. Vibrating Lines
xi. Posterior Palatal Seal
23
Q
- Location: fold of mucous membrane at the median line.
A
LABIAL FRENUM
24
Q
- Significance: relief area (labial notch)
A
LABIAL FRENUM
25
* Single fold, double fold, broad and fan shape.
* Significance: relief area (buccal notch)
BUCCAL FRENUM
26
o Sulcal or low attachment.
Frenal Attachment Classification
* Class I
27
o Attaches midway between the sulcus and crest of the ridge.
Frenal Attachment Classification
* Class II
28
o Crestal or near crestal (high) attachment.
Frenal Attachment Classification
* Class III
29
* Location: sulcus area between labial and buccal frenum
LABIAL VESTIBULE
30
* Significance:
o Accommodates labial flange of the denture
o Valve seal
o Affects the appearance of the patient.
LABIAL VESTIBULE
31
* Location: sulcus area from buccal frenum to the hamular notch
BUCCAL VESTIBULE
32
* Significance:
o Accommodates buccal flange of the denture.
o Peripheral seal
o Vestibular space is affected by the action of the masseter muscle and coronoid process.
BUCCAL VESTIBULE
33
* Location: fold of membrane found on the buccal side
BUCCAL FRENUM
34
* Location: buccal to maxillary tuberosity
CORONOID PROCESS
35
* Significance: as the mandible moves forward, it affects the buccal flange.
* Distal portion of upper denture dislodge when mouth opened.
CORONOID PROCESS
36
* Significance: Reduces distobuccal space under heavy biting pressure that can destabilize denture.
MASSETER MUSCLE
37
* Location: distal to maxillary tuberosity
PTERYGOMAXILLARY (HAMULAR) NOTCH
38
* Significance:
o Marks the posterior limit of the denture
o Additional pressure can be placed in the notch to produce a seal (pterygomaxillary seal).
PTERYGOMAXILLARY (HAMULAR) NOTCH
39
* Location: extends from the hamulus to the distolingual corner of retromolar pad.
PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE
40
* Significance: extension of denture beyond hamular notch can cause tissue injury upon opening of the mouth.
PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE
41
* Location: two small indentations found on the posterior part of the palate of the midline.
PALATINE FOVEA
42
* Significance: guide for the posterior boarder of denture (posterior vibrating line is 2mm anterior to the foveae).
PALATINE FOVEA
43
* Location: between anterior and posterior vibrating line (Cupid’s bow shape)
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
44
* Function:
o Additional pressure may be placed in this area to effect a seal.
o Posterior vibrating line marks the posterior limit of the denture.
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
45
Determines the extent of additional area available for retention as well as width of the posterior palatal seal area
Soft Palate Classification
* Class I – almost horizontal
* Class II – slope about 45 degrees from the hard palate.
* Class III – slope about 70 degrees from the hard palate.
46
* Significance:
o Secondary relief area – relieved especially if it is sharp, spongy or full of nutrient canals.
CREST OF RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE
47
* Thin plate of cortical bone
* Function: secondary stress bearing
SLOPES OF THE RESIDUAL RIDGE
48
BUCCAL SHELF AREA
* Boundaries:
o Anteriorly – ___________
o Posteriorly – ____________
o Medially – ____________
o Laterally – _____________
buccal frenum
retromolar pad
crest of the ridge
external oblique line
49
* Function: primary stress bearing area because it is at right angle to vertical occlusal force and covered with dense smooth cortical bone.
BUCCAL SHELF AREA
50
* Bony ridge on the lingual side of the mandible.
* *varies widely between patients.
MYLOHYOID RIDGE
51
* Function: determines the height of the lingual flange.
MYLOHYOID RIDGE
52
* Location: near or on the ridge crest in the premolar region.
MENTAL FORAMEN
53
MENTAL FORAMEN
* Function: relieved – pressure on the mental nerve can cause ___________.
numbness of the lip
54
* Relieved/ surgically removed.
TORUS MANDIBULARIS
55
II. Mandibular
a. Supporting Structures
(6)
i. Crest of Alveolar Ridge
ii. Slopes of Residual Ridge
iii. Buccal Shelf Area
iv. Mylohyoid Ridge
v. Mental Foramen
vi. Torus Mandibularis
56
LIMITING STRUCTURES
MANDIBLE (8)
* Labial frenum
* Buccal frenum
* Labial vestibule
* Buccal vestibule
* Retromolar pad
* Retromylohyoid curtain
* Alveololingual sulcus
* Lingual frenum
57
* Band of fibrous connective tissue.
* Significance: relief area.
LABIAL FRENUM & BUCCAL FRENUM
58
* Significance:
o Accommodates labial & buccal flange of the denture.
o Forms part of the valve seal.
LABIAL & BUCCAL SULCUS/ VESTIBULE
59
* It does not govern the extension of the buccal flange but by the mucobuccal fold.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE RIDGE
60
* Significance: palpation of the external oblique ridge helps to judge the amount of the resistance or lack of resistance offered by the border tissues of this region.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE RIDGE
61
* A body ridge runs antero-posteriorly outside the buccal shelf.
* Denture border 1-2mm beyond this ridge.
* Shows as groove in impression.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE RIDGE
62
* A triangular pad that contains glandular tissue, loose areolar connective tissue, the lower margin of the pterygomandibular raphe, fibers of the buccinator, and superior constrictor and fibers of the temporal tendon.
RETROMOLAR PAD
63
* Significance: forms part of the valve seal area.
RETROMOLAR PAD
64
LINGUAL BORDER ANATOMY (7)
1. Retromylohyoid curtain
2. Alveololingual sulcus (lingual vestibule)
3. Lingual frenum
4. Mylohyoid muscle
5. Mylohyoid ridge
6. Genial tubercle
7. Sublingual gland region
65
* Wall of mucous membrane which limits the distolingual part of the denture flange.
RETROMYLOHYOID CURTAIN
66
* Significance:
o Accommodates the distolingual part of the denture.
o Pulled forward when the tongue is thrust out.
o Forms part of the peripheral valve seal area.
RETROMYLOHYOID CURTAIN
67
* *The ___________________ gives the characteristic “S” curve of the lingual flange.
action of the mylohyoid muscle
68
* Significance: extension of the lingual flange is influenced by the action of
MYLOHOID MUSCLE
69
* Attachment of mylohyoid muscle.
MYLOHYOID RIDGE
70
* Significance:
o Denture flange should extend below the mylohyoid ridge. If border rest above the ridge, there will be displacement of the denture, soreness, and the seal will be broken easily.
o Severe resorption – it becomes prominent. Should be surgically corrected or relieved in the impression.
MYLOHYOID RIDGE
71
* Attaches the tongue anteriorly.
* Significance: relief area.
LINGUAL FRENUM
72
* Hard projection on the lingual side of the mandible in the midline.
* Prominent on excessively resorbed ridge.
* Significance: Relieved to avoid pain.
GENIAL TUBERCLE
73
* Significance: limits the height of lingual flange. When the floor of the mouth is raised, the gland comes close to the crest of the ridge
Sublingual gland region
74
* Rest on the anterior region of the mylohyoid muscle.
Sublingual gland region
