passive transport
requires no energy
does passive transport go down or against concentration gradient?
Goes down
which type of transport goes AGAINST concentration gradient
Active transport
Active transport
Requires energy (ATP)
What is one example of active transport?
Electrogenic pump, specifically Na+ and K+ pump
Aquaporins
Type of channel protein that allows water to move or diffuse easily
How does water move in terms of osmosis?
Similar to passive transport, moves from high to low BUT in this case goes from lots of free water to less free water
Why does water move down concentration gradient that way (osmosis)?
Basically, LOW solute = LOTS of free water and HIGH solute = LESS free water
(SO, water moves from where it is abundant to where it is LESS abundant)
Hypotonic Solution?
Outside solution has LOW solute concentration, so lots of free water. Moves from OUTSIDE to INSIDE the cell
What happens when too much water moves into cell?
Plant cell will become TURGID (strong b/c of cell wall)
Animal cell will likely become LYSED or BURST (does not have cell wall)
Hypertonic?
Outside solution is HIGH solute, less free water. Water moves OUT of cell
What happens when too much water leaves cell?
Plants it becomes plasmolyzed (shrivels up)
Animals it becomes shriveled
Isotonic?
No net change/movement of water
In plants = flaccid
Animals = normal
All proteins involved in active transport are what type of proteins?
Carrier protein
Ion channels (voltage and ligand) are what type of transport?
Passive transport
How does electrogenic pump work (Sodium potassium pump)
Requires ATP, pumps 3 Na+ out and pumps 2 K+ into the cell
How is an electrochemical gradient established with the sodium potassium pump?
Inside becomes more negative (or less positive) while the outside becomes more positive
Exocytosis vs Endocytosis
Exocytosis uses vesicles to secrete into extracellular
Endocytosis is same thing but ABSORBING into cell
Types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis -> white blood cells engulf bacteria
Pinocytosis -> Recycles stuff from membrane (receptor mediated is more specific type)
