Protective response that initiates the process of repair involving host cells, blood vessels, proteins, and other mediators
Inflammation
Enumerate the cardinal signs.
- Tumor – swelling
- Rubor - redness
- Calor – heat
- Dolor – pain
- Functio Laesa - loss of function
What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?
presence of neutrophils
What will happen if the fluid leak through blood vessels?
edema
Enumerate the 2 components of acute inflammation.
- Vascular changes
- Cellular events
What is the most common cause of inflammation?
Infection
Identify the stimuli.
- blunt and penetrating
Trauma
Identify the stimuli.
- against environmental substances or against “self” tissues
- “immune-mediated inflammatory disease”
Immune reactions
Enumerate the process of leukocyte recruitment.
- loose attachment to and rolling on endothelium (mediated by selectin)
- firm attachment to the endothelium (mediated by integrins)
- migration through interendothelial spaces
What mediates the loose attachment to and rolling on endothelium of leukocyte?
selectin
What mediates the firm attachment to the endothelium of leukocytes?
integrins
What increases the avidity of integrins for their ligands and promotes the directional migration of leukocytes?
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and IL-1
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- an outpouring of a watery and relatively protein-poor fluid
serous
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- consequence of more severe injuries
- result in greater vascular permeability that allows large molecules (such as fibrinogen) to pass the endothelial barrier
Fibrinous
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- Appears as an eosinophilic meshwork of threads or sometimes as an amorphous coagulum
Fibrinous
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- characteristic of inflammation in the lining of body cavities
Fibrinous
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- manifested by the collection of large amounts of purulent exudate or pus
- induced by staphylococci
Suppurative
Identify the morphologic pattern.
- occur only when tissue necrosis and resultant inflammation exist on or near a surface
Ulcer
What stage of ulcer has intense polymophonuclear infiltration and vascular dilation in the margins of the defect?
Acute stage
What stage of ulcer if the margins and base of the ulcer develop scarring with an accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells?
Chronic stage
What mediator of inflammation usually acts as short-range and mediates multiple effects, mainly in leukocyte recruitment and migration?
Cytokines
What stage of inflammation is mediated by cytokines and has infiltration with mononuclear cells including macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells?
Chronic inflammation
What are the two types of tissue repair?
Regeneration and Scar Formation
What are the two cells that are considered permanent and nonproliferative in postnatal life?
neurons and cardiac muscle cells
