LEC-MIDTERMS (AUTOMATIC PROCESSING)

Question 1

The six main systems in Automatic Processing are?

Answer 1

1. Transport System
2. Temperature Control System
3. Circulation/Recirculation and Filtration System
4. Replenishment System
5. Drying System
6. Processor

Question 2

The largest and most complex system in autoprocessing

Answer 2

Transport system

Question 3

Transports the film through the various steps in processing
* Controls the development and total processing times
* Agitates solution and concentration

Answer 3

Transport system

Question 4

What are the threee smaller subsystems of transport system?

Answer 4

Roller subsystem (1), Transport rack subsystem (2), Drive subsystem (3)

Question 5

The roller subsystem has 3 main types of ROLLERS namely:

Answer 5

1.1 Entrance rollers
1.2 Transport/planetary rollers
1.3 Master/solar rollers

Question 6

This subsystem of the transport system has the following functions:

“Grabbing” the film and transport it through the various
stages of processing;
* Provide squeegee action (rationale: to prevent too much
solution carryover)

Answer 6

Roller Subsystem

Question 7

This roller type is serrated to grip the film better as it enters
the processor

Answer 7

Entrance rollers

Question 8

This main type of roller is responsible for the
transportation of film that have a diameter of 1” and are
mounted in pairs (either staggered or opposing each other).

Answer 8

Transport/Planetary Rollers

Question 9

Another main type of roller. These rollers are 3”-
large rollers found at the bottom of each solution tank where the film must bend and turn back upward.

Answer 9

Master/Solar Rollers

Question 10

For the transport system, there are four types of transport racks. What are these?

Answer 10

2.1 Entrance rack
2.2. Vertical or deep racks
2.3 Turnaround racks
2.4 Crossover racks

Question 11

Converts the latent image to a manifest image and is the most important processing solution

Answer 11

Developer

Question 12

Has high alkalinity with a pH level between 10 and 11.5

Answer 12

Developer

Question 13

Removes unexposed and underdeveloped silver halide crystals from the film

Answer 13

Fixer

Question 14

Halts the development process

Answer 14

Fixer

Question 15

Hardens the emulsion for permanent storage

Answer 15

Fixer

Question 16

Should be mixed before the developer to prevent contamination

Answer 16

Fixer

Question 17

Is an acidic solution with a pH level between 4 and 4.5

Answer 17

Fixer

Question 18

Only 0.1% contamination can deteriorate developer activity enough to compromise image quality

Answer 18

Fixer

Question 19

3–5 minutes of film immersion converting latent to visible image

Answer 19

Manual Processing – Developer

Question 20

Contains 1% acetic acid to neutralize the developer and stop development

Answer 20

Manual Processing – Stop Bath or Water Rinse

Question 21

Removes unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals and hardens emulsion for permanent storage

Answer 21

Manual Processing – Fixer

Question 22

Removes excess fixer from the film with about 20 minutes of immersion

Answer 22

Manual Processing – Washing

Question 23

Accomplished using an electric dryer or hanger to remove moisture from film

Answer 23

Manual Processing – Drying

Question 24

Subsystem that grabs and moves the film through processing and provides squeegee action

Answer 24

Roller Subsystem

Question 25

Rollers serrated to grip the film better as it enters the processor

Answer 25

Entrance Rollers

Question 26

Rollers responsible for transportation of film with 1” diameter mounted in pairs

Answer 26

Transport or Planetary Rollers

Question 27

Large 3” rollers at the bottom of each solution tank that bend the film upward

Answer 27

Master or Solar Rollers

Question 28

a curved metal lip with smooth grooves guiding the film around the bend

Answer 28

guide shoes

Question 29

Contains transport rollers that move the film into or up out of the tank

Answer 29

Vertical or Deep Racks

Question 30

Found at the bottom of the tank to bend the film 180 degrees for the next run

Answer 30

Turnaround Rack

Question 31

Moves film at the top of the tank (not in solution) and must be cleaned of residue

Answer 31

Crossover Rack

Question 32

Supplies the mechanical energy to move the film

Answer 32

Drive Subsystem

Question 33

Regulates temperature of each solution (85–95°F / 29–35°C) and wash water slightly cooler

Answer 33

Temperature or Tempering Control System

Question 34

Ensures complete chemistry mixing

Answer 34

uniform concentration

Question 35

Requires a filter to remove gelatin and impurities in developer

Answer 35

Developer Circulation System

Question 36

Filtration normally unnecessary because fixer hardens gelatin and neutralizes developer

Answer 36

Fixer Circulation System

Question 37

Meters proper quantities of chemicals into tanks to maintain volume and chemical activity

Answer 37

Replenishment System

Question 38

Activated by a microswitch sensing the film at the entrance rack

Answer 38

Replenishment System

Question 39

Adds approximately 60–70 mL developer and 100–110 mL fixer per 35 cm film

Answer 39

Replenishment Rates

Question 40

Extracts all residual moisture from the processed radiograph using blower and heating tubes

Answer 40

Drying System

Question 41

Small processor for low-volume use that fits on countertops

Answer 41

Tabletop-Size Processor

Question 42

Medium processor with four legs about the size of a single laundry sink

Answer 42

Intermediate-Size Processor

Question 43

Large processor that sits on the floor

Answer 43

used in main radiology departments

Question 44

Processor entirely inside the darkroom for easy retrieval of jammed film

Answer 44

Totally Inside Processor Location

Question 45

Processor mostly inside with drop tray outside

Answer 45

minimizing heat and noise

Question 46

Processor with feed tray inside but components outside

Answer 46

reduces heat but retrieval difficult

Question 47

Daylight system designed to eliminate the need for a darkroom

Answer 47

Totally Outside Processor Location

Question 48

Temp needed in the tempering control system

Answer 48

29-35 degrees celsius