Lec1

Question 1

Why are marine organisms important?

Answer 1

• produce around half of the oxygen we breathe
• help regulate the earth’s climate.
• been estimated that the ocean’s living systems are worth more than $20 trillion a year.

Question 2

study of marine organisms, their behaviors and interactions with the environment.

Answer 2

Marine biology

Question 3

the scientific study of the oceans such as marine biology and has many branches.

Answer 3

Oceanography

Question 4

• It ends at the shelf break, where the slope suddenly gets steeper
• It is the biologically richest part of the ocean with the most life and the best fishing.
• It is the shallowest part.

Answer 4

Continental Shelf

Question 5

start on the continental shelf cut across the continental slope to its base at a depth of 3,000-5,000 m.

Answer 5

Submarine canyons

Question 6

• It is the closest thing to the exact edge of the continent.
• It begins at the shelf break and descends downward to the deep-sea floor.

Answer 6

Continental slope

Question 7

• is the submerged part of the Continent and is almost flat.
• biologically richest part of the ocean with the most life and the best fishing.

Answer 7

continental shelf

Question 8

are home to a tremendous variety of marine life

Answer 8

abyssal plain and seamounts

Question 9

Arabian Gulf is connected with the adjacent Indian Ocean by a narrow passage at the …….

Answer 9

Strait of Hormuz.

Question 10

high salinities in the Arabian Gulf 42-60 psu is due to?

Answer 10

❖ Lack of significant river runoff,
❖ High temperaturesin summer
❖ Wind stress and associated with high rate of evaporation
❖ Limited interchange with the Indian Ocean
❖ Tigris-Euphrates River flow through the Shatt Al-Arab

Question 11

Gulf of Salwa is located between ………….. and ………..

Answer 11

Saudi Arabia and the Qatar

Question 12

• Represent the submerged edges of the continents.
• Are the boundaries between continental crust and oceanic crust.

Answer 12

continental margins

Question 13

It is the shallowest part of the continental margin

Answer 13

Continental shelf

Question 14

• deepest parts of the world ocean.
• where the plate descends into the mantle the sea floor slopes steeply downward.

Answer 14

Trenches

Question 15

is formed by sediments building up on the sea floor at the base of the continentalslope

Answer 15

Continental Rise

Question 16

Distinctive flat-topped seamounts, are common in parts of the Pacific

Answer 16

guyots

Question 17

Marine biologists study:

Answer 17

• biological oceanography
• the associated fields of chemical, physical, and geological oceanography to understand marine organisms.

Question 18

submarine volcanoes called ….

Answer 18

seamounts