Lect 3 General Que.

Question 1

What is the relationship between lymphocytes at Primary Lymphoid Organs (PLO) and Secondary Lymphoid Organs (SLO)?

Answer 1

PLO is a site for lymphocyte development and maturation. Once the lymphocytes are prepared (i.e trained), they migrate to SLO and wait for activation once encountered antigens.

Question 2

What are the benefits for bacteria by actively secreting toxins (exotoxin)?

Answer 2

(e.g. Coagulase/ Hyaluronidase/ Hemolysins)
/
- directly kill/damage on the host cell
→ facilitate bacterial spreading & invasion to deeper tissues
/
- interfere with the essential cellular process
→ impair the host immune system & weakened defence
=> easier colonization/ form biofilm more readily

Question 3

What are the advantages of Flagella?

Answer 3

1. Motility
   - navigate through the host envir.
2. Adhesion 粘附力 & Invasion
   - access to nutrients
   - multiply intracellularly
3. Immune evasion
   - prevent from being engulfed by phagocytes
   - escape phagosome & invade nearby cells
4. Biofilm formation
   - a community of microbes are covered by a protective matrix & attached toba surface