Lecture 07 Evaluating Arguments some basic questions

Question 0

What are the 7 successful argument patterns

Answer 0

1) Modus Ponens

If A then B

A

B

2) Disjunctive Argument

Either A or B

Not A

B

3) Modus Tollens

If A then B

Not B

Not A

• *4) Hypothetical Argument**

If A then B

If B then C

If A then C

5) Chain Argument

A

If A then B

If B then C

A

6) Predicate Instantiation

All P₁’s are P₂’s

m is a P₁

m is a P₂

7) Universal Syllogism

All P₁’s are P₂’s

All P₂’s are P₃’s

All P₁’s are P₃’s.

Question 1

What are the 2 questions to consider when evaluating and argument.

Answer 1

1. Does the conclusion follow from the premises
2. Should the premises be accepted as true.

Question 2

What is the universal claim of patterns in arguments

Answer 2

For a pattern of an argument that is valid, then

any argument with the same pattern is valid.

Question 3

To show that the conclusion of an argument does not follow from the premises, you should

Answer 3

1. Determine the pattern
2. Make up a new argument, with
   a. the same pattern
   b. obviously true premises, and
   c. an OBVIOUSLY false conclusion.

A second method is too simply explain how the conclusion is false. By explanation.