Lecture 1

Question 1

What is a statement/claim?

Answer 1

is an assertion that something is or not the case

Question 2

What is a Proposition?

Answer 2

• The specific thought or idea that the statement expresses
• different statements conveying the same idea
• You can use the same statement to express different propositions
• “It will rain tomorrow” You can say that on different days, but it will not mean the same thing.

Question 3

What is a premise?

Answer 3

A statement that is offered in support of a conclusion

Question 4

What is a conclusion?

Answer 4

Is a statement that is held to be supported by one or more premises

Question 5

What is an argument?

Answer 5

A set of statements one of which premises are indented to support one another.

Question 6

3 steps to argument analysis?

Answer 6

• figure out if it’s an argument or not
• evaluate the argument
• reconstruct the argument

Question 7

Why should we make sure it’s an argument?

Answer 7

• some texts are merely descriptive
• some texts offer only an opinion
• “if then” statement by itself, is not an argument (conditional claim)

Question 8

Why should we evaluate an argument?

Answer 8

Arguments are not always presented/ written/stated in the clearest way

Question 9

Why should we reconstruct an argument?

Answer 9

• some arguments have rhetorical arguments tend to be persuasive, but are not good arguments logically.
• An argument has rational strength when it has good reasons to beleive

Question 10

What is the definition of Critical Thinking

Answer 10

• is the systematic analysis or formulation of arguments by rational standards
• not emotional and gut feelings
• analyze existing arguments that people make( with respect)
• We will evaluate arguments based on how much arguments support the conclusion

Question 11

Why should we think critically?

Answer 11

• Because we really do care about the truth; about getting things right; about gaining knowledge; about avoiding false beliefs.
• our beliefs affect our choices and actions and so they play an enormous role in kind of person we are ( or will become); the kind of life we lead.

Question 12

examples of having justified belief that is false?

Answer 12

• ex. Santa clause
• ex. flat earth
  
  • They didn’t know, they believed and had justification

Question 13

example of True proposition with justification, but no belief

Answer 13

• there are facts about far away planets, their can be justification. But no one discovered them yet
• There are truths and justification, but no one made the inference. Their is no scientific knowledge.