What is quantitative research?
A scientific method used to collect and analyze numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, or effects in human behavior and mental processes.
What does quantitative research analyze?
numerical data
what does quantitative data seek to understand?
patterns, relationships or effects in human behavior and mental processes.
What are the roles of quantitative methods in psych?
provide objective and replicable evidence, enable hypothesis testing and theory validation, facilitate statistical analysis and interpretation, support evidence based practice in psych, measurement of psychological constructs.
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design purposes?
quantitative: to measure and analyze variables numerically
qualitative: to explore meanings, experiences and perspectives.
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design data types?
quantitative: numerical
qualitative: textual or visual
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design approaches?
quantitative: deductive (tests hypothesis)
qualitative: inductive (generates theories)
what is the difference between deductive and inductive approaches to research psychology?
deductive approaches test hypothesis and are quantitative, inductive approaches generate theories and are qualitative.
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design questions?
quantitative: focused, specific, measurable
qualitative: open-ended, exploratory
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design sample sizes?
quantitative: larger, representative samples
qualitative: smaller, purposive samples
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design data collection methods?
quantitative: surveys, experiments, structured observations
qualitative: interviews, focused groups, field notes
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design analysis?
quantitative: statistical (t-tests, ANOVA representatives)
qualitative: thematic, narrative, content analysis
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design outcomes?
quantitative: generalizable findings
qualitative: in-depth understanding of context
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design validity focus?
quantitative: internal and external validity
qualitative: credibility, transferability, dependability
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research design role of researcher?
quantitative: objective observer
qualitative: active participant or co-creator of meaning
What is an experimental design?
involves the manipulation of an
independent variable (IV) to observe its effect on a dependent variable (DV), under controlled conditions
what are some considerations of experimental designs?
high internal validity due to control and randomization, may have limited external validity if conducted in artificial settings.
why do experimental designs have high internal validity?
due to control and randomization
why might experimental designs have limited external validity?
if conducted in artificial settings.
what is internal validity?
the extent to which a study can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable (what the researcher manipulates) and the dependent variable (what is measured).
What is external validity?
external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized beyond the specific research setting.
what are some factors that might threaten internal validity?
confounding variables, selection bias, maturation, testing effects, history, experimenter bias, instrumentation
what are some factors that might threaten external validity?
unrepresentative samples, artificial tasks/settings, reactivity, cultural or contextual differences
what are the types of external validity?
population validity, temporal validity and ecological validity
