lecture 1-20-16

Question 1

• copy cellular contents
• duplicate organelles, DNA, and cytoplasm
• each new cell has the same amount as original cell
• called interphase
• G1,S,G2

Answer 1

preparatory phase

Question 2

cell grows, makes extra cytoplasm

Answer 2

G1 Phase

Question 3

DNA replication occurs, chromosomes

identical sister chromatids

Answer 3

S Phase

Question 4

cell prepares for division

Answer 4

G2 phase

Question 5

three parts of interphase __ ____ and ____

Answer 5

G1, S and G2

Question 6

division phase includes

Answer 6

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 7

cytokinesis is

Answer 7

the division of other organelles

Question 8

• chromosomes are evenly divided
• sister chromatids are separated
• centromere

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

• enlarged cell splits into two cells
• each has full complement of DNA
• one parent cell into two daughter cells

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

how do cells divide?

Answer 10

cytokinesis

Question 11

occurs in a series of phases;

M Phase

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

phases in order

Answer 12

interphase
mitosis and cytokinesis
anaphase
telophase

Question 13

• each chromosome is replicated in S phase, resulting in two sister chromatids connected at the centromere
• chromosomes are loosely gathered in the nucleus

Answer 13

interphase

Question 14

• replicated chromosomes begin to coil up
• nuclear membrane begins to disassemble
• microtubule fibers begin to form the mitotic spindle

Answer 14

prophase

Question 15

• microtubule spindle fibers from opposite ends of the cell attach to the sister chromatids of each chromosomes
• replicated chromosomes become aligned along the middle of the cell

Answer 15

metaphase

Question 16

-microtubules shorten pulling the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 16

anaphase

Question 17

• identical sets of chromosomes reach each pole
• microtubule spindle fibers disassemble
• nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes forming the daughter cell nuclei

Answer 17

telophase

Question 18

the structure that separates sister chromatids during mitosis

Answer 18

the mitotic spindle

Question 19

hollow protein fibers
key components of cytoskeletons
attach the centromere on chromosome via kinetochore proteins

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

following mitosis and cytokinesis, daughter cells are __________

Answer 20

genetically identical to each other

genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 21

in the cell cycle, DNA is replicated during ______

Answer 21

the S phase

Question 22

during ____in animal cells the cell membrane pinches in to separate the daughter cells

Answer 22

cytokinesis

Question 23

which of the following processes require normal cell division?

Answer 23

all of the above
1. embryonic development
2. wound healing
3.

Question 24

during which stage of the cell cycle do sister chromatids separate from each other ?

Answer 24

anaphase

Question 25

cytokinesis in plant cells involves the synthesis of a ___________ between the daughter cells

Answer 25

cell wall

Question 26

during which stage of the cell cycle are sister chromatids initially produced

Answer 26

interphase

Question 27

most chemotherapy drugs target cell cycle they _____

Answer 27

interfere with DNA replication, chromosome separation | look to plants as source of drugs

Question 28

the pacific yew is one species of a family of related evergreen trees

Answer 28

taxus brevifolia

Question 29

taxus brevifolia

Answer 29

extract from bark kills cancer cells | taxol

Question 30

- interferes with the normal organization of microtubule - prevents microtubules from shortening - chromatids not separated

Answer 30

taxol

Question 31

- cellular mechanisms - regulate cells progression through cell cycle - ensures each stage is completed accurately

Answer 31

cell cycle checkpoint

Question 32

either repair damage or | direct cell to commit suicide (apoptosis)

Answer 32

cell cycle checkpoints

Question 33

when a normal cell sustains irreparable damage, it undergoes programmed cell death. this cellular suicide prevents cells from producing more damaged daughter cells

Answer 33

apoptosis

Question 34

cells divide uncontrollably

Answer 34

cancer

Question 35

if there's enough DNA damage to interfere with multiple checkpoints

Answer 35

Cancer | tumors

Question 36

__________ divide in an unregulated manner and accumulate DNA damage and make mitotic mistakes

Answer 36

cancer cells

Question 37

cancer kills by:

Answer 37

crowding out normal cells invading other organs secreting poisonous chemicals

Question 38

most effective way to fight cancer?

Answer 38

surgery to remove the cancerous tumor | not effective is the cancer has metastasized

Question 39

high energy radiation beams kills dividing cells damages DNA triggers apoptosis

Answer 39

radiation therapy

Question 40

drugs interfere with cell division

Answer 40

chemotherapy