Lecture 1

Question 1

HIstolgoy

Answer 1

• Tissue and science , study of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals
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Question 2

Histopathology

Answer 2

• Disease as it relates to tissue
  
  • science or study dealing with the cytologic and histologic strucutre of abnormal or diseasd tissue looks like
  • some tissue can be determined by histologic mehods

Question 3

WHy should we be interesested in histopathology?

Answer 3

• Need to be able to know what normal tisue looks like and what disease tissue looks like being able to distinguish the two

Question 4

Tissue classification

Answer 4

• Epithelial
  
  • human kidney,ex. simple cubodial ,
• Muscle tissue
  
  • Skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle ,smooth muscle
• Nervous tissue
  
  • cerebral cortex,purkinje cell(type of neuron found in the cortex of the cerebellum), can look at cross sections of spinal cord or nerve tissue
• Connecitive tissue
  
  • ex. dense bone, cancellous bone(spongy bone) , adipose(fat), Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Humoral Pathology

Answer 5

• Concept dated back to greeks and was prominent until the latter part of hte 18th century
  
  • disease are due to an imbalcne of four humors:blood , phelgm , yellow bile, black bile
  • Giovanni Morgagni showed in 1761 that disease are not due to humoral balances but lesions in organs( trying to bring disease down to the anatomical level)
    *

Question 6

Bichat

Answer 6

• Father of modern histology
• Main contribution was perception that the diverse boy organs contain parituclar tissues or membranes;he described 21 such membranes
• Major works were Treatise on Membranes,Physiological reserachers on life and death , and General anatomy
• Didn’t use microscope(distrusted it); describe 21 membranes(tissues) that combine in different ways to form the organs of hte body
• Saw life divided into two parts
  
  • Organic live was the life of the heart , inteestines and other organs
  • Organic life was regualted by a collection of small , independent , thoracic brains(ganglionic nervous system)
  • Animal life was composed of symmetrical organs such as eyes ears and libs
  • Animal life incldued habit and memory and was ruled by wit and intellect
• Introdcued notion of tissues as distinct entities and maintained that disease attacked tissues rather than whole organs or the entire body

Question 7

Virchow

Answer 7

• Pioneered concept of pathological processes through the application of cell theory
  
  • All cells from a cell (cells don’t orginate from nonliving material cells orginate existing cells
  • Virchow realized early on that the part of hte cell theory that required al cells to be derived from exisiting cells could give insight into pathological processes