reducing the elements of a system to a basic level of functioning elements
Reductionism
knowledge of the elements is essential to understanding the system but greater emphasis is placed on investigating and understanding the system as a whole
Complex System Approach
what 3 major types of substances can cross membranes
- solvents (water)
- electrolytes (ions)
- nonelectrolytes (non-charged molecules)
movement of a solute based on a pressure gradient. The pressure differential will dictate the rate of flow.
Convection
with convection, the flow always goes from and area of ____ pressure to ____ pressure
High
Low
movement of the concentration of particles within a solution.
diffusion
with diffusion, the flow of particles always moves from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ______ concentration
high
low
ions move under the influence of what 2 forces?
- force related to the concentration gradient
- force related to the difference of potentials (electric current)
movement of the solvent and solutes under a pressure gradient
convection
movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
movement of charged particles (ions) under the action of a difference of potentials
electric current
In the state of equilibrium, the movements of all particles are _____ ______. There are _______ net changes in the concentration
- counter balanced
- NO
3 important properties of ion channels signaling in the nervous system
- they conduct ions
- they recognize specific ions
- they open and close in response to specific electrical, mechanical, or chemical signals
examples of mechanical signaling
tap table and feel vibrations
examples of chemical signaling
smell, light, sound, hormones
