Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the main themes we see in animal diversity?

Answer 1

• structure and function are inextricably linked
• all animal structures are based on a limited number of basic plans
• all animals are the product of an evolutionary process

Question 2

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 2

Monera, Protista, Funghi, Plantae, Animalia, Archebacteria

Question 3

What are the general features of the Animalia kingdom?

Answer 3

Multicellular, ingestive, heterotrophic

Question 4

Why do we study Protista in conjunction with Animalia?

Answer 4

Because they are closely related, and also cause many diseases in animals

Question 5

How many animal species have been described?

Answer 5

1 million

Question 6

How many different animal phyla are there and when did they evolve?

Answer 6

around 40 different phyla, mostly by the end of the Cambrian, 530mya

Question 7

When was the earliest eukaryote fossil?

Answer 7

1700 mya

Question 8

Where are the burgess shales and what do they show?

Answer 8

British Colombia, a record of Cambrian life

Question 9

What are the potential reasons the Cambrian explosion occurred?

Answer 9

• Increase in oxygen , meaning higher levels of activity and therefore predation, so inspires predator-prey coevolution
• evolution of the eye, could see each other so changes in phenotype due to mate attraction, and predator

Question 10

What two physical factors are important in the evolution of animals?

Answer 10

Changes in climate

continental drift

Question 11

When were the first prokaryotes?

Answer 11

4bya

Question 12

When were the first eukaryotes?

Answer 12

1.8 bya